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400 lines
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Markdown
400 lines
20 KiB
Markdown
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---
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sort: 100
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weight: 100
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title: LogsQL examples
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menu:
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docs:
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parent: "victorialogs"
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weight: 100
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---
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# LogsQL examples
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## How to select recently ingested logs?
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[Run](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/querying/) the following query:
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```logsql
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_time:5m
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```
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It returns logs over the last 5 minutes by using [`_time` filter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#time-filter).
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The logs are returned in arbitrary order because of performance reasons.
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Add [`sort` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#sort-pipe) to the query if you need sorting
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the returned logs by some field (usually [`_time` field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#time-field)):
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```logsql
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_time:5m | sort by (_time)
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If the number of returned logs is too big, it may be limited with the [`limit` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#limit-pipe).
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For example, the following query returns 10 most recent logs, which were ingested during the last 5 minutes:
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```logsql
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_time:5m | sort by (_time desc) | limit 10
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```
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See also:
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- [How to count the number of matching logs](#how-to-count-the-number-of-matching-logs)
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## How to select logs with the given word in log message?
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Just put the needed [word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word) in the query.
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For example, the following query returns all the logs with the `error` [word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word)
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in [log message](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#message-field):
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```logsql
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error
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```
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If the number of returned logs is too big, then add [`_time` filter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#time-filter)
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for limiting the time range for the selected logs. For example, the following query returns logs with `error` [word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word)
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over the last hour:
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```logsql
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error _time:1h
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```
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If the number of returned logs is still too big, then consider adding more specific [filters](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#filters)
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to the query. For example, the following query selects logs with `error` [word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word),
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which do not contain `kubernetes` [word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word), over the last hour:
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```logsql
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error !kubernetes _time:1h
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```
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The logs are returned in arbitrary order because of performance reasons. Add [`sort` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#sort-pipe)
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for sorting logs by the needed [fields](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model). For example, the following query
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sorts the selected logs by [`_time` field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#time-field):
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```logsql
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error _time:1h | sort by (_time)
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```
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See also:
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- [How to select logs with all the given words in log message?](#how-to-select-logs-with-all-the-given-words-in-log-message)
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- [How to select logs with some of the given words in log message?](#how-to-select-logs-with-some-of-the-given-words-in-log-message)
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- [How to skip logs with the given word in log message?](#how-to-skip-logs-with-the-given-word-in-log-message)
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- [Filtering by phrase](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#phrase-filter)
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- [Filtering by prefix](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#prefix-filter)
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- [Filtering by regular expression](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#regexp-filter)
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- [Filtering by substring](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#substring-filter)
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## How to skip logs with the given word in log message?
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Use [`NOT` logical filter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#logical-filter). For example, the following query returns all the logs
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without the `INFO` [word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word) in the [log message](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#message-field):
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```logsq
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!INFO
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```
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If the number of returned logs is too big, then add [`_time` filter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#time-filter)
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for limiting the time range for the selected logs. For example, the following query returns matching logs over the last hour:
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```logsql
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!INFO _time:1h
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```
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If the number of returned logs is still too big, then consider adding more specific [filters](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#filters)
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to the query. For example, the following query selects logs without `INFO` [word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word),
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which contain `error` [word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word), over the last hour:
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```logsql
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!INFO error _time:1h
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```
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The logs are returned in arbitrary order because of performance reasons. Add [`sort` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#sort-pipe)
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for sorting logs by the needed [fields](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model). For example, the following query
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sorts the selected logs by [`_time` field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#time-field):
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```logsql
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!INFO _time:1h | sort by (_time)
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```
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See also:
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- [How to select logs with all the given words in log message?](#how-to-select-logs-with-all-the-given-words-in-log-message)
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- [How to select logs with some of given words in log message?](#how-to-select-logs-with-some-of-the-given-words-in-log-message)
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- [Filtering by phrase](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#phrase-filter)
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- [Filtering by prefix](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#prefix-filter)
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- [Filtering by regular expression](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#regexp-filter)
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- [Filtering by substring](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#substring-filter)
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## How to select logs with all the given words in log message?
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Just enumerate the needed [words](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word) in the query, by deliming them with whitespace.
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For example, the following query selects logs containing both `error` and `kubernetes` [words](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word)
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in the [log message](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#message-field):
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```logsql
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error kubernetes
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```
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This query uses [`AND` logical filter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#logical-filter).
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If the number of returned logs is too big, then add [`_time` filter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#time-filter)
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for limiting the time range for the selected logs. For example, the following query returns matching logs over the last hour:
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```logsql
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error kubernetes _time:1h
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```
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If the number of returned logs is still too big, then consider adding more specific [filters](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#filters)
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to the query. For example, the following query selects logs with `error` and `kubernetes` [words](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word)
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from [log streams](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#stream-fields) containing `container="my-app"` field, over the last hour:
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```logsql
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error kubernetes _stream:{container="my-app"} _time:1h
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```
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The logs are returned in arbitrary order because of performance reasons. Add [`sort` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#sort-pipe)
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for sorting logs by the needed [fields](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model). For example, the following query
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sorts the selected logs by [`_time` field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#time-field):
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```logsql
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error kubernetes _time:1h | sort by (_time)
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```
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See also:
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- [How to select logs with some of given words in log message?](#how-to-select-logs-with-some-of-the-given-words-in-log-message)
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- [How to skip logs with the given word in log message?](#how-to-skip-logs-with-the-given-word-in-log-message)
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- [Filtering by phrase](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#phrase-filter)
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- [Filtering by prefix](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#prefix-filter)
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- [Filtering by regular expression](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#regexp-filter)
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- [Filtering by substring](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#substring-filter)
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## How to select logs with some of the given words in log message?
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Put the needed [words](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word) into `(...)`, by delimiting them with ` or `.
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For example, the following query selects logs with `error`, `ERROR` or `Error` [words](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word)
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in the [log message](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#message-field):
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```logsql
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(error or ERROR or Error)
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```
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This query uses [`OR` logical filter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#logical-filter).
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If the number of returned logs is too big, then add [`_time` filter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#time-filter)
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for limiting the time range for the selected logs. For example, the following query returns matching logs over the last hour:
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```logsql
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(error or ERROR or Error) _time:1h
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```
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If the number of returned logs is still too big, then consider adding more specific [filters](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#filters)
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to the query. For example, the following query selects logs without `error`, `ERROR` or `Error` [words](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word),
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which do not contain `kubernetes` [word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word), over the last hour:
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```logsql
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(error or ERROR or Error) !kubernetes _time:1h
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```
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The logs are returned in arbitrary order because of performance reasons. Add [`sort` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#sort-pipe)
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for sorting logs by the needed [fields](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model). For example, the following query
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sorts the selected logs by [`_time` field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#time-field):
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```logsql
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(error or ERROR or Error) _time:1h | sort by (_time)
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```
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See also:
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- [How to select logs with all the given words in log message?](#how-to-select-logs-with-all-the-given-words-in-log-message)
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- [How to skip logs with the given word in log message?](#how-to-skip-logs-with-the-given-word-in-log-message)
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- [Filtering by phrase](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#phrase-filter)
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- [Filtering by prefix](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#prefix-filter)
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- [Filtering by regular expression](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#regexp-filter)
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- [Filtering by substring](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#substring-filter)
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## How to select logs from the given application instance?
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Make sure the application is properly configured with [stream-level log fields](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#stream-fields).
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Then just use [`_stream` filter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#stream-filter) for selecting logs for the given application instance.
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For example, if the application contains `job="app-42"` and `instance="host-123:5678"` [stream fields](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#stream-fields),
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then the following query selects all the logs from this application:
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```logsql
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_stream:{job="app-42",instance="host-123:5678"}
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```
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If the number of returned logs is too big, it is recommended adding [`_time` filter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#time-filter)
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to the query in order to reduce the number of matching logs. For example, the following query returns logs for the given application for the last day:
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```logsql
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_stream:{job="app-42",instance="host-123:5678"} _time:1d
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```
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If the number of returned logs is still too big, then consider adding more specific [filters](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#filters)
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to the query. For example, the following query selects logs from the given [log stream](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#stream-fields),
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which contain `error` [word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word) in the [log message](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#message-field),
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over the last day:
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```logsql
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_stream:{job="app-42",instance="host-123:5678"} error _time:1d
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```
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The logs are returned in arbitrary order because of performance reasons. Use [`sort` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#sort-pipe)
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for sorting the returned logs by the needed fields. For example, the following query sorts the selected logs
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by [`_time`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#time-field):
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```logsql
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_stream:{job="app-42",instance="host-123:5678"} _time:1d | sort by (_time)
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```
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See also:
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- [How to determine applications with the most logs?](#how-to-determine-applications-with-the-most-logs)
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- [How to skip logs with the given word in log message?](#how-to-skip-logs-with-the-given-word-in-log-message)
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## How to count the number of matching logs?
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Use [`count()` stats function](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#count-stats). For example, the following query returns
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the number of results returned by `your_query_here`:
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```logsql
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your_query_here | count()
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```
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## How to determine applications with the most logs?
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[Run](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/querying/) the following query:
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```logsql
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_time:5m | stats by (_stream) count() as logs | sort by (logs desc) | limit 10
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```
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This query returns top 10 application instances (aka [log streams](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#stream-fields))
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with the most logs over the last 5 minutes.
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This query uses the following [LogsQL](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/) features:
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- [`_time` filter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#time-filter) for selecting logs on the given time range (5 minutes in the query above).
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- [`stats` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#stats-pipe) for calculating the number of logs.
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per each [`_stream`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#stream-fields). [`count` stats function](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#count-stats)
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is used for calculating the needed stats.
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- [`sort` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#sort-pipe) for sorting the stats by `logs` field in descending order.
|
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|
|
- [`limit` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#limit-pipe) for limiting the number of returned results to 10.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
See also:
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
- [How to filter out data after stats calculation?](#how-to-filter-out-data-after-stats-calculation)
|
||
|
|
- [How to calculate the number of logs per the given interval?](#how-to-calculate-the-number-of-logs-per-the-given-interval)
|
||
|
|
- [How to select logs from the given application instance?](#how-to-select-logs-from-the-given-application-instance)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
## How to parse JSON inside log message?
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
It is better from performance and resource usage PoV to avoid storing JSON inside [log message](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#message-field).
|
||
|
|
It is recommended storing individual JSON fields and log fields instead according to [VictoriaLogs data model](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model).
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
If you have to store JSON inside log message or inside any other [log fields](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model),
|
||
|
|
then the stored JSON can be parsed during query time via [`unpack_json` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#unpack_json-pipe).
|
||
|
|
For example, the following query unpacks JSON from the [`_msg` field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#message-field)
|
||
|
|
across all the logs for the last 5 minutes:
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
```logsql
|
||
|
|
_time:5m | unpack_json
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
If you need to parse JSON array, then take a look at [`unroll` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#unroll-pipe).
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
## How to extract some data from text log message?
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Use [`extract`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#extract-pipe) or [`extract_regexp`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#extract_regexp-pipe) pipe.
|
||
|
|
For example, the following query extracts `username` and `user_id` fields from text [log message](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#message-field):
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
```logsql
|
||
|
|
_time:5m | extract "username=<username>, user_id=<user_id>,"
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
See also:
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
- [Replacing substrings in text fields](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#replace-pipe)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
## How to filter out data after stats calculation?
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Use [`filter` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#filter-pipe). For example, the following query
|
||
|
|
returns only [log streams](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#stream-fields) with more than 1000 logs
|
||
|
|
over the last 5 minutes:
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
```logsql
|
||
|
|
_time:5m | stats by (_stream) count() rows | filter rows:>1000
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
## How to calculate the number of logs per the given interval?
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Use [`stats` by time bucket](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#stats-by-time-buckets). For example, the following query
|
||
|
|
returns per-hour number of logs with the `error` [word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word) for the last day:
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
```logsq
|
||
|
|
_time:1d error | stats by (_time:1h) count() rows | sort by (_time)
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
This query uses [`sort` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#sort-pipe) in order to sort per-hour stats
|
||
|
|
by [`_time`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#time-field).
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
## How to calculate the number of logs per every value of the given field?
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Use [`stats` by field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#stats-by-fields). For example, the following query
|
||
|
|
calculates the number of logs per `level` [field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model) for logs over the last 5 minutes:
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
```logsql
|
||
|
|
_time:5m | stats by (level) count() rows
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
An alternative is to use [`field_values` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#field_values-pipe):
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
```logsql
|
||
|
|
_time:5m | field_values level
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
## How to get unique values for the given field?
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Use [`uniq` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#uniq-pipe). For example, the following query returns unique values for the `ip` field
|
||
|
|
over logs for the last 5 minutes:
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
```logsql
|
||
|
|
_time:5m | uniq by (ip)
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
## How to get unique sets of values for the given fields?
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Use [`uniq` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#uniq-pipe). For example, the following query returns unique sets for (`host`, `path`) fields
|
||
|
|
over logs for the last 5 minutes:
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
```logsql
|
||
|
|
_time:5m | uniq by (host, path)
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
## How to return last N logs for the given query?
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Use [`sort` pipe with limit](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#sort-pipe). For example, the following query returns the last 10 logs with the `error`
|
||
|
|
[word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word) in the [`_msg` field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#message-field)
|
||
|
|
over the logs for the last 5 minutes:
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
```logsql
|
||
|
|
_time:5m error | sort by (_time desc) limit 10
|
||
|
|
```
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
It sorts the matching logs by [`_time` field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#time-field) in descending order and then selects
|
||
|
|
the first 10 logs with the highest values for the `_time` field.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
If the query is sent to [`/select/logsql/query` HTTP API](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/querying/#querying-logs), then `limit=N` query arg
|
||
|
|
can be passed to it in order to return up to `N` latest log entries. For example, the following command returns up to 10 latest log entries with the `error` word:
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
```sh
|
||
|
|
curl http://localhost:9428/select/logsql/query -d 'query=error' -d 'limit=10'
|
||
|
|
```
|