VictoriaMetrics/lib/promscrape/scrapework.go

package promscrape

import (
	"flag"
	"fmt"
	"math"
	"math/bits"
	"strconv"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/bloomfilter"
	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/bytesutil"
	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/decimal"
	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/leveledbytebufferpool"
	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logger"
	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/promauth"
	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/prompbmarshal"
	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/promrelabel"
	parser "github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/protoparser/prometheus"
	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/proxy"
	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/timerpool"
	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metrics"
	xxhash "github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2"
)

var (
	suppressScrapeErrors = flag.Bool("promscrape.suppressScrapeErrors", false, "Whether to suppress scrape errors logging. "+
		"The last error for each target is always available at '/targets' page even if scrape errors logging is suppressed")
	noStaleMarkers       = flag.Bool("promscrape.noStaleMarkers", false, "Whether to disable seding Prometheus stale markers for metrics when scrape target disappears. This option may reduce memory usage if stale markers aren't needed for your setup. See also https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent.html#stream-parsing-mode")
	seriesLimitPerTarget = flag.Int("promscrape.seriesLimitPerTarget", 0, "Optional limit on the number of unique time series a single scrape target can expose. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent.html#cardinality-limiter for more info")
)

// ScrapeWork represents a unit of work for scraping Prometheus metrics.
//
// It must be immutable during its lifetime, since it is read from concurrently running goroutines.
type ScrapeWork struct {
	// Full URL (including query args) for the scrape.
	ScrapeURL string

	// Interval for scraping the ScrapeURL.
	ScrapeInterval time.Duration

	// Timeout for scraping the ScrapeURL.
	ScrapeTimeout time.Duration

	// How to deal with conflicting labels.
	// See https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/configuration/configuration/#scrape_config
	HonorLabels bool

	// How to deal with scraped timestamps.
	// See https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/configuration/configuration/#scrape_config
	HonorTimestamps bool

	// Whether to deny redirects during requests to scrape config.
	DenyRedirects bool

	// OriginalLabels contains original labels before relabeling.
	//
	// These labels are needed for relabeling troubleshooting at /targets page.
	OriginalLabels []prompbmarshal.Label

	// Labels to add to the scraped metrics.
	//
	// The list contains at least the following labels according to https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/configuration/configuration/#relabel_config
	//
	//     * job
	//     * __address__
	//     * __scheme__
	//     * __metrics_path__
	//     * __param_<name>
	//     * __meta_*
	//     * user-defined labels set via `relabel_configs` section in `scrape_config`
	//
	// See also https://prometheus.io/docs/concepts/jobs_instances/
	Labels []prompbmarshal.Label

	// ProxyURL HTTP proxy url
	ProxyURL proxy.URL

	// Auth config for ProxyUR:
	ProxyAuthConfig *promauth.Config

	// Auth config
	AuthConfig *promauth.Config

	// Optional `metric_relabel_configs`.
	MetricRelabelConfigs *promrelabel.ParsedConfigs

	// The maximum number of metrics to scrape after relabeling.
	SampleLimit int

	// Whether to disable response compression when querying ScrapeURL.
	DisableCompression bool

	// Whether to disable HTTP keep-alive when querying ScrapeURL.
	DisableKeepAlive bool

	// Whether to parse target responses in a streaming manner.
	StreamParse bool

	// The interval for aligning the first scrape.
	ScrapeAlignInterval time.Duration

	// The offset for the first scrape.
	ScrapeOffset time.Duration

	// Optional limit on the number of unique series the scrape target can expose.
	SeriesLimit int

	// The original 'job_name'
	jobNameOriginal string
}

// key returns unique identifier for the given sw.
//
// it can be used for comparing for equality for two ScrapeWork objects.
func (sw *ScrapeWork) key() string {
	// Do not take into account OriginalLabels.
	key := fmt.Sprintf("ScrapeURL=%s, ScrapeInterval=%s, ScrapeTimeout=%s, HonorLabels=%v, HonorTimestamps=%v, DenyRedirects=%v, Labels=%s, "+
		"ProxyURL=%s, ProxyAuthConfig=%s, AuthConfig=%s, MetricRelabelConfigs=%s, SampleLimit=%d, DisableCompression=%v, DisableKeepAlive=%v, StreamParse=%v, "+
		"ScrapeAlignInterval=%s, ScrapeOffset=%s, SeriesLimit=%d",
		sw.ScrapeURL, sw.ScrapeInterval, sw.ScrapeTimeout, sw.HonorLabels, sw.HonorTimestamps, sw.DenyRedirects, sw.LabelsString(),
		sw.ProxyURL.String(), sw.ProxyAuthConfig.String(),
		sw.AuthConfig.String(), sw.MetricRelabelConfigs.String(), sw.SampleLimit, sw.DisableCompression, sw.DisableKeepAlive, sw.StreamParse,
		sw.ScrapeAlignInterval, sw.ScrapeOffset, sw.SeriesLimit)
	return key
}

// Job returns job for the ScrapeWork
func (sw *ScrapeWork) Job() string {
	return promrelabel.GetLabelValueByName(sw.Labels, "job")
}

// LabelsString returns labels in Prometheus format for the given sw.
func (sw *ScrapeWork) LabelsString() string {
	labelsFinalized := promrelabel.FinalizeLabels(nil, sw.Labels)
	return promLabelsString(labelsFinalized)
}

func promLabelsString(labels []prompbmarshal.Label) string {
	// Calculate the required memory for storing serialized labels.
	n := 2 // for `{...}`
	for _, label := range labels {
		n += len(label.Name) + len(label.Value)
		n += 4 // for `="...",`
	}
	b := make([]byte, 0, n)
	b = append(b, '{')
	for i, label := range labels {
		b = append(b, label.Name...)
		b = append(b, '=')
		b = strconv.AppendQuote(b, label.Value)
		if i+1 < len(labels) {
			b = append(b, ',')
		}
	}
	b = append(b, '}')
	return bytesutil.ToUnsafeString(b)
}

type scrapeWork struct {
	// Config for the scrape.
	Config *ScrapeWork

	// ReadData is called for reading the data.
	ReadData func(dst []byte) ([]byte, error)

	// GetStreamReader is called if Config.StreamParse is set.
	GetStreamReader func() (*streamReader, error)

	// PushData is called for pushing collected data.
	PushData func(wr *prompbmarshal.WriteRequest)

	// ScrapeGroup is name of ScrapeGroup that
	// scrapeWork belongs to
	ScrapeGroup string

	tmpRow parser.Row

	// the seriesMap, seriesAdded and labelsHashBuf are used for fast calculation of `scrape_series_added` metric.
	seriesMap     map[uint64]struct{}
	seriesAdded   int
	labelsHashBuf []byte

	// Optional limiter on the number of unique series per scrape target.
	seriesLimiter *bloomfilter.Limiter

	// prevBodyLen contains the previous response body length for the given scrape work.
	// It is used as a hint in order to reduce memory usage for body buffers.
	prevBodyLen int

	// prevLabelsLen contains the number labels scraped during the previous scrape.
	// It is used as a hint in order to reduce memory usage when parsing scrape responses.
	prevLabelsLen int

	// lastScrape holds the last response from scrape target.
	// It is used for generating Prometheus stale markers.
	lastScrape []byte
}

func (sw *scrapeWork) run(stopCh <-chan struct{}) {
	var randSleep uint64
	scrapeInterval := sw.Config.ScrapeInterval
	scrapeAlignInterval := sw.Config.ScrapeAlignInterval
	scrapeOffset := sw.Config.ScrapeOffset
	if scrapeOffset > 0 {
		scrapeAlignInterval = scrapeInterval
	}
	if scrapeAlignInterval <= 0 {
		// Calculate start time for the first scrape from ScrapeURL and labels.
		// This should spread load when scraping many targets with different
		// scrape urls and labels.
		// This also makes consistent scrape times across restarts
		// for a target with the same ScrapeURL and labels.
		key := fmt.Sprintf("ScrapeURL=%s, Labels=%s", sw.Config.ScrapeURL, sw.Config.LabelsString())
		h := uint32(xxhash.Sum64(bytesutil.ToUnsafeBytes(key)))
		randSleep = uint64(float64(scrapeInterval) * (float64(h) / (1 << 32)))
		sleepOffset := uint64(time.Now().UnixNano()) % uint64(scrapeInterval)
		if randSleep < sleepOffset {
			randSleep += uint64(scrapeInterval)
		}
		randSleep -= sleepOffset
	} else {
		d := uint64(scrapeAlignInterval)
		randSleep = d - uint64(time.Now().UnixNano())%d
		if scrapeOffset > 0 {
			randSleep += uint64(scrapeOffset)
		}
		randSleep %= uint64(scrapeInterval)
	}
	timer := timerpool.Get(time.Duration(randSleep))
	var timestamp int64
	var ticker *time.Ticker
	select {
	case <-stopCh:
		timerpool.Put(timer)
		return
	case <-timer.C:
		timerpool.Put(timer)
		ticker = time.NewTicker(scrapeInterval)
		timestamp = time.Now().UnixNano() / 1e6
		sw.scrapeAndLogError(timestamp, timestamp)
	}
	defer ticker.Stop()
	for {
		timestamp += scrapeInterval.Milliseconds()
		select {
		case <-stopCh:
			t := time.Now().UnixNano() / 1e6
			sw.sendStaleSeries("", t, true)
			if sw.seriesLimiter != nil {
				sw.seriesLimiter.MustStop()
			}
			return
		case tt := <-ticker.C:
			t := tt.UnixNano() / 1e6
			if d := math.Abs(float64(t - timestamp)); d > 0 && d/float64(scrapeInterval.Milliseconds()) > 0.1 {
				// Too big jitter. Adjust timestamp
				timestamp = t
			}
			sw.scrapeAndLogError(timestamp, t)
		}
	}
}

func (sw *scrapeWork) logError(s string) {
	if !*suppressScrapeErrors {
		logger.ErrorfSkipframes(1, "error when scraping %q from job %q with labels %s: %s; "+
			"scrape errors can be disabled by -promscrape.suppressScrapeErrors command-line flag",
			sw.Config.ScrapeURL, sw.Config.Job(), sw.Config.LabelsString(), s)
	}
}

func (sw *scrapeWork) scrapeAndLogError(scrapeTimestamp, realTimestamp int64) {
	if err := sw.scrapeInternal(scrapeTimestamp, realTimestamp); err != nil && !*suppressScrapeErrors {
		logger.Errorf("error when scraping %q from job %q with labels %s: %s", sw.Config.ScrapeURL, sw.Config.Job(), sw.Config.LabelsString(), err)
	}
}

var (
	scrapeDuration              = metrics.NewHistogram("vm_promscrape_scrape_duration_seconds")
	scrapeResponseSize          = metrics.NewHistogram("vm_promscrape_scrape_response_size_bytes")
	scrapedSamples              = metrics.NewHistogram("vm_promscrape_scraped_samples")
	scrapesSkippedBySampleLimit = metrics.NewCounter("vm_promscrape_scrapes_skipped_by_sample_limit_total")
	scrapesFailed               = metrics.NewCounter("vm_promscrape_scrapes_failed_total")
	pushDataDuration            = metrics.NewHistogram("vm_promscrape_push_data_duration_seconds")
)

func (sw *scrapeWork) scrapeInternal(scrapeTimestamp, realTimestamp int64) error {
	if *streamParse || sw.Config.StreamParse {
		// Read data from scrape targets in streaming manner.
		// This case is optimized for targets exposing millions and more of metrics per target.
		return sw.scrapeStream(scrapeTimestamp, realTimestamp)
	}

	// Common case: read all the data from scrape target to memory (body) and then process it.
	// This case should work more optimally than stream parse code for common case when scrape target exposes
	// up to a few thousand metrics.
	body := leveledbytebufferpool.Get(sw.prevBodyLen)
	var err error
	body.B, err = sw.ReadData(body.B[:0])
	endTimestamp := time.Now().UnixNano() / 1e6
	duration := float64(endTimestamp-realTimestamp) / 1e3
	scrapeDuration.Update(duration)
	scrapeResponseSize.Update(float64(len(body.B)))
	up := 1
	wc := writeRequestCtxPool.Get(sw.prevLabelsLen)
	bodyString := bytesutil.ToUnsafeString(body.B)
	if err != nil {
		up = 0
		scrapesFailed.Inc()
	} else {
		wc.rows.UnmarshalWithErrLogger(bodyString, sw.logError)
	}
	srcRows := wc.rows.Rows
	samplesScraped := len(srcRows)
	scrapedSamples.Update(float64(samplesScraped))
	for i := range srcRows {
		sw.addRowToTimeseries(wc, &srcRows[i], scrapeTimestamp, true)
	}
	samplesPostRelabeling := len(wc.writeRequest.Timeseries)
	if sw.Config.SampleLimit > 0 && samplesPostRelabeling > sw.Config.SampleLimit {
		wc.resetNoRows()
		up = 0
		scrapesSkippedBySampleLimit.Inc()
		err = fmt.Errorf("the response from %q exceeds sample_limit=%d; "+
			"either reduce the sample count for the target or increase sample_limit", sw.Config.ScrapeURL, sw.Config.SampleLimit)
	}
	sw.updateSeriesAdded(wc)
	seriesAdded := sw.finalizeSeriesAdded(samplesPostRelabeling)
	sw.addAutoTimeseries(wc, "up", float64(up), scrapeTimestamp)
	sw.addAutoTimeseries(wc, "scrape_duration_seconds", duration, scrapeTimestamp)
	sw.addAutoTimeseries(wc, "scrape_samples_scraped", float64(samplesScraped), scrapeTimestamp)
	sw.addAutoTimeseries(wc, "scrape_samples_post_metric_relabeling", float64(samplesPostRelabeling), scrapeTimestamp)
	sw.addAutoTimeseries(wc, "scrape_series_added", float64(seriesAdded), scrapeTimestamp)
	sw.pushData(&wc.writeRequest)
	sw.prevLabelsLen = len(wc.labels)
	wc.reset()
	writeRequestCtxPool.Put(wc)
	// body must be released only after wc is released, since wc refers to body.
	sw.prevBodyLen = len(body.B)
	leveledbytebufferpool.Put(body)
	tsmGlobal.Update(sw.Config, sw.ScrapeGroup, up == 1, realTimestamp, int64(duration*1000), samplesScraped, err)
	if up == 0 {
		bodyString = ""
	}
	sw.sendStaleSeries(bodyString, scrapeTimestamp, false)
	return err
}

func (sw *scrapeWork) pushData(wr *prompbmarshal.WriteRequest) {
	startTime := time.Now()
	sw.PushData(wr)
	pushDataDuration.UpdateDuration(startTime)
}

func (sw *scrapeWork) scrapeStream(scrapeTimestamp, realTimestamp int64) error {
	samplesScraped := 0
	samplesPostRelabeling := 0
	responseSize := int64(0)
	wc := writeRequestCtxPool.Get(sw.prevLabelsLen)

	sr, err := sw.GetStreamReader()
	if err != nil {
		err = fmt.Errorf("cannot read data: %s", err)
	} else {
		var mu sync.Mutex
		err = parser.ParseStream(sr, scrapeTimestamp, false, func(rows []parser.Row) error {
			mu.Lock()
			defer mu.Unlock()
			samplesScraped += len(rows)
			for i := range rows {
				sw.addRowToTimeseries(wc, &rows[i], scrapeTimestamp, true)
			}
			// Push the collected rows to sw before returning from the callback, since they cannot be held
			// after returning from the callback - this will result in data race.
			// See https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/825#issuecomment-723198247
			samplesPostRelabeling += len(wc.writeRequest.Timeseries)
			if sw.Config.SampleLimit > 0 && samplesPostRelabeling > sw.Config.SampleLimit {
				wc.resetNoRows()
				scrapesSkippedBySampleLimit.Inc()
				return fmt.Errorf("the response from %q exceeds sample_limit=%d; "+
					"either reduce the sample count for the target or increase sample_limit", sw.Config.ScrapeURL, sw.Config.SampleLimit)
			}
			sw.updateSeriesAdded(wc)
			sw.pushData(&wc.writeRequest)
			wc.resetNoRows()
			return nil
		}, sw.logError)
		responseSize = sr.bytesRead
		sr.MustClose()
	}

	scrapedSamples.Update(float64(samplesScraped))
	endTimestamp := time.Now().UnixNano() / 1e6
	duration := float64(endTimestamp-realTimestamp) / 1e3
	scrapeDuration.Update(duration)
	scrapeResponseSize.Update(float64(responseSize))
	up := 1
	if err != nil {
		if samplesScraped == 0 {
			up = 0
		}
		scrapesFailed.Inc()
	}
	seriesAdded := sw.finalizeSeriesAdded(samplesPostRelabeling)
	sw.addAutoTimeseries(wc, "up", float64(up), scrapeTimestamp)
	sw.addAutoTimeseries(wc, "scrape_duration_seconds", duration, scrapeTimestamp)
	sw.addAutoTimeseries(wc, "scrape_samples_scraped", float64(samplesScraped), scrapeTimestamp)
	sw.addAutoTimeseries(wc, "scrape_samples_post_metric_relabeling", float64(samplesPostRelabeling), scrapeTimestamp)
	sw.addAutoTimeseries(wc, "scrape_series_added", float64(seriesAdded), scrapeTimestamp)
	sw.pushData(&wc.writeRequest)
	sw.prevLabelsLen = len(wc.labels)
	wc.reset()
	writeRequestCtxPool.Put(wc)
	tsmGlobal.Update(sw.Config, sw.ScrapeGroup, up == 1, realTimestamp, int64(duration*1000), samplesScraped, err)
	// Do not track active series in streaming mode, since this may need too big amounts of memory
	// when the target exports too big number of metrics.
	return err
}

// leveledWriteRequestCtxPool allows reducing memory usage when writeRequesCtx
// structs contain mixed number of labels.
//
// Its logic has been copied from leveledbytebufferpool.
type leveledWriteRequestCtxPool struct {
	pools [13]sync.Pool
}

func (lwp *leveledWriteRequestCtxPool) Get(labelsCapacity int) *writeRequestCtx {
	id, capacityNeeded := lwp.getPoolIDAndCapacity(labelsCapacity)
	for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
		if id < 0 || id >= len(lwp.pools) {
			break
		}
		if v := lwp.pools[id].Get(); v != nil {
			return v.(*writeRequestCtx)
		}
		id++
	}
	return &writeRequestCtx{
		labels: make([]prompbmarshal.Label, 0, capacityNeeded),
	}
}

func (lwp *leveledWriteRequestCtxPool) Put(wc *writeRequestCtx) {
	capacity := cap(wc.labels)
	id, poolCapacity := lwp.getPoolIDAndCapacity(capacity)
	if capacity <= poolCapacity {
		wc.reset()
		lwp.pools[id].Put(wc)
	}
}

func (lwp *leveledWriteRequestCtxPool) getPoolIDAndCapacity(size int) (int, int) {
	size--
	if size < 0 {
		size = 0
	}
	size >>= 3
	id := bits.Len(uint(size))
	if id >= len(lwp.pools) {
		id = len(lwp.pools) - 1
	}
	return id, (1 << (id + 3))
}

type writeRequestCtx struct {
	rows         parser.Rows
	writeRequest prompbmarshal.WriteRequest
	labels       []prompbmarshal.Label
	samples      []prompbmarshal.Sample
}

func (wc *writeRequestCtx) reset() {
	wc.rows.Reset()
	wc.resetNoRows()
}

func (wc *writeRequestCtx) resetNoRows() {
	prompbmarshal.ResetWriteRequest(&wc.writeRequest)
	wc.labels = wc.labels[:0]
	wc.samples = wc.samples[:0]
}

var writeRequestCtxPool leveledWriteRequestCtxPool

func (sw *scrapeWork) updateSeriesAdded(wc *writeRequestCtx) {
	if sw.seriesMap == nil {
		sw.seriesMap = make(map[uint64]struct{}, len(wc.writeRequest.Timeseries))
	}
	m := sw.seriesMap
	seriesLimit := *seriesLimitPerTarget
	if sw.Config.SeriesLimit > 0 {
		seriesLimit = sw.Config.SeriesLimit
	}
	if sw.seriesLimiter == nil && seriesLimit > 0 {
		sw.seriesLimiter = bloomfilter.NewLimiter(seriesLimit, 24*time.Hour)
	}
	hsl := sw.seriesLimiter
	dstSeries := wc.writeRequest.Timeseries[:0]
	job := sw.Config.Job()
	for _, ts := range wc.writeRequest.Timeseries {
		h := sw.getLabelsHash(ts.Labels)
		if hsl != nil && !hsl.Add(h) {
			// The limit on the number of hourly unique series per scrape target has been exceeded.
			// Drop the metric.
			metrics.GetOrCreateCounter(fmt.Sprintf(`promscrape_series_limit_rows_dropped_total{scrape_job_original=%q,scrape_job=%q,scrape_target=%q}`,
				sw.Config.jobNameOriginal, job, sw.Config.ScrapeURL)).Inc()
			continue
		}
		dstSeries = append(dstSeries, ts)
		if _, ok := m[h]; !ok {
			m[h] = struct{}{}
			sw.seriesAdded++
		}
	}
	wc.writeRequest.Timeseries = dstSeries
}

func (sw *scrapeWork) sendStaleSeries(currScrape string, timestamp int64, addAutoSeries bool) {
	if *noStaleMarkers {
		return
	}
	lastScrape := bytesutil.ToUnsafeString(sw.lastScrape)
	if parser.AreIdenticalSeriesFast(lastScrape, currScrape) {
		// Fast path: the current scrape contains the same set of series as the previous scrape.
		return
	}
	// Slow path: the current scrape contains different set of series than the previous scrape.
	// Detect missing series in the current scrape and send stale markers for them.
	bodyString := lastScrape
	if currScrape != "" {
		bodyString = parser.GetDiffWithStaleRows(lastScrape, currScrape)
	}
	wc := writeRequestCtxPool.Get(sw.prevLabelsLen)
	defer writeRequestCtxPool.Put(wc)
	if bodyString != "" {
		wc.rows.Unmarshal(bodyString)
		srcRows := wc.rows.Rows
		for i := range srcRows {
			sw.addRowToTimeseries(wc, &srcRows[i], timestamp, true)
		}
	}
	if addAutoSeries {
		sw.addAutoTimeseries(wc, "up", 0, timestamp)
		sw.addAutoTimeseries(wc, "scrape_duration_seconds", 0, timestamp)
		sw.addAutoTimeseries(wc, "scrape_samples_scraped", 0, timestamp)
		sw.addAutoTimeseries(wc, "scrape_samples_post_metric_relabeling", 0, timestamp)
		sw.addAutoTimeseries(wc, "scrape_series_added", 0, timestamp)
	}
	series := wc.writeRequest.Timeseries
	if len(series) == 0 {
		return
	}
	// Substitute all the values with Prometheus stale markers.
	for _, tss := range series {
		samples := tss.Samples
		for i := range samples {
			samples[i].Value = decimal.StaleNaN
		}
	}
	sw.pushData(&wc.writeRequest)
	sw.lastScrape = append(sw.lastScrape[:0], currScrape...)
}

func (sw *scrapeWork) finalizeSeriesAdded(lastScrapeSize int) int {
	seriesAdded := sw.seriesAdded
	sw.seriesAdded = 0
	if len(sw.seriesMap) > 4*lastScrapeSize {
		// Reset seriesMap, since it occupies more than 4x metrics collected during the last scrape.
		sw.seriesMap = make(map[uint64]struct{}, lastScrapeSize)
	}
	return seriesAdded
}

func (sw *scrapeWork) getLabelsHash(labels []prompbmarshal.Label) uint64 {
	// It is OK if there will be hash collisions for distinct sets of labels,
	// since the accuracy for `scrape_series_added` metric may be lower than 100%.
	b := sw.labelsHashBuf[:0]
	for _, label := range labels {
		b = append(b, label.Name...)
		b = append(b, label.Value...)
	}
	sw.labelsHashBuf = b
	return xxhash.Sum64(b)
}

// addAutoTimeseries adds automatically generated time series with the given name, value and timestamp.
//
// See https://prometheus.io/docs/concepts/jobs_instances/#automatically-generated-labels-and-time-series
func (sw *scrapeWork) addAutoTimeseries(wc *writeRequestCtx, name string, value float64, timestamp int64) {
	sw.tmpRow.Metric = name
	sw.tmpRow.Tags = nil
	sw.tmpRow.Value = value
	sw.tmpRow.Timestamp = timestamp
	sw.addRowToTimeseries(wc, &sw.tmpRow, timestamp, false)
}

func (sw *scrapeWork) addRowToTimeseries(wc *writeRequestCtx, r *parser.Row, timestamp int64, needRelabel bool) {
	labelsLen := len(wc.labels)
	wc.labels = appendLabels(wc.labels, r.Metric, r.Tags, sw.Config.Labels, sw.Config.HonorLabels)
	if needRelabel {
		wc.labels = sw.Config.MetricRelabelConfigs.Apply(wc.labels, labelsLen, true)
	} else {
		wc.labels = promrelabel.FinalizeLabels(wc.labels[:labelsLen], wc.labels[labelsLen:])
		promrelabel.SortLabels(wc.labels[labelsLen:])
	}
	if len(wc.labels) == labelsLen {
		// Skip row without labels.
		return
	}
	sampleTimestamp := r.Timestamp
	if !sw.Config.HonorTimestamps || sampleTimestamp == 0 {
		sampleTimestamp = timestamp
	}
	wc.samples = append(wc.samples, prompbmarshal.Sample{
		Value:     r.Value,
		Timestamp: sampleTimestamp,
	})
	wr := &wc.writeRequest
	wr.Timeseries = append(wr.Timeseries, prompbmarshal.TimeSeries{
		Labels:  wc.labels[labelsLen:],
		Samples: wc.samples[len(wc.samples)-1:],
	})
}

func appendLabels(dst []prompbmarshal.Label, metric string, src []parser.Tag, extraLabels []prompbmarshal.Label, honorLabels bool) []prompbmarshal.Label {
	dstLen := len(dst)
	dst = append(dst, prompbmarshal.Label{
		Name:  "__name__",
		Value: metric,
	})
	for i := range src {
		tag := &src[i]
		dst = append(dst, prompbmarshal.Label{
			Name:  tag.Key,
			Value: tag.Value,
		})
	}
	dst = append(dst, extraLabels...)
	labels := dst[dstLen:]
	if len(labels) <= 1 {
		// Fast path - only a single label.
		return dst
	}

	// de-duplicate labels
	dstLabels := labels[:0]
	for i := range labels {
		label := &labels[i]
		prevLabel := promrelabel.GetLabelByName(dstLabels, label.Name)
		if prevLabel == nil {
			dstLabels = append(dstLabels, *label)
			continue
		}
		if honorLabels {
			// Skip the extra label with the same name.
			continue
		}
		// Rename the prevLabel to "exported_" + label.Name.
		// See https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/configuration/configuration/#scrape_config
		exportedName := "exported_" + label.Name
		if promrelabel.GetLabelByName(dstLabels, exportedName) != nil {
			// Override duplicate with the current label.
			*prevLabel = *label
			continue
		}
		prevLabel.Name = exportedName
		dstLabels = append(dstLabels, *label)
	}
	return dst[:dstLen+len(dstLabels)]
}