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docs/keyConcepts.md: clarify which values can be stored in VictoriaMetrics without precision loss

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This is a follow-up for 43d7de4afe

Updates https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/5485
Updates https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/5503
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Aliaksandr Valialkin 2024-01-16 15:50:25 +02:00
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docs/keyConcepts.md
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@ -80,9 +80,11 @@ See [these docs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/FAQ.html#what-is-high-cardinal
#### Raw samples
Every unique time series may consist of an arbitrary number of `(value, timestamp)` data points (aka `raw samples`) sorted by `timestamp`.
VictoriaMetrics stores all the `values` as [float64](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-precision_floating-point_format) values
VictoriaMetrics stores all the `values` as [float64](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-precision_floating-point_format)
with [extra compression](https://faun.pub/victoriametrics-achieving-better-compression-for-time-series-data-than-gorilla-317bc1f95932) applied.
This guarantees precision correctness for values with up to 12 significant decimal digits ([-2^54 ... 2^54-1]).
This allows storing precise integer values with up to 12 decimal digits and any floating-point values with up to 12 significant decimal digits.
If the value has more than 12 significant decimal digits, then the less significant digits can be lost when storing them in VictoriaMetrics.
The `timestamp` is a [Unix timestamp](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_time) with millisecond precision.
Below is an example of a single raw sample