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docs/Single-server-VictoriaMetrics.md: follow-up for 612ec2df6b

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Move the description of JSON line format into a separate chapter

Updates https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/5083
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Aliaksandr Valialkin 2023-10-03 17:47:19 +02:00
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@ -1100,7 +1100,9 @@ VictoriaMetrics provides the following handlers for exporting data:
Send a request to `http://<victoriametrics-addr>:8428/api/v1/export?match[]=<timeseries_selector_for_export>`,
where `<timeseries_selector_for_export>` may contain any [time series selector](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/basics/#time-series-selectors)
for metrics to export. Use `{__name__!=""}` selector for fetching all the time series.
The response would contain all the data for the selected time series in [JSON streaming format](http://ndjson.org/).
The response would contain all the data for the selected time series in JSON line format - see [these docs](#json-line-format) for details on this format.
Each JSON line contains samples for a single time series. An example output:
```json
@ -1230,6 +1232,8 @@ check for changes in `vm_rows_invalid_total` (exported by server side) metric.
### How to import data in JSON line format
VictoriaMetrics accepts metrics data in JSON line format at `/api/v1/import` endpoint. See [these docs](#json-line-format) for details on this format.
Example for importing data obtained via [/api/v1/export](#how-to-export-data-in-json-line-format):
```console
@ -1240,24 +1244,6 @@ curl http://source-victoriametrics:8428/api/v1/export -d 'match={__name__!=""}'
curl -X POST http://destination-victoriametrics:8428/api/v1/import -T exported_data.jsonl
```
The structure of the JSON line format from the previous example is below:
```
cat exported_data.jsonl
{"metric":{"__name__":"go_cgo_calls_count","job":"victoria-metrics","instance":"self"},"values":[5],"timestamps":[1696323409458
]}
{"metric":{"__name__":"go_gc_forced_count","job":"victoria-metrics","instance":"self"},"values":[0],"timestamps":[1696323409458]}
{"metric":{"__name__":"vm_merges_total","job":"victoria-metrics","type":"storage/big","instance":"self"},"values":[0],"timestamps":[1696323409458]}
{"metric":{"__name__":"vm_http_request_errors_total","job":"victoria-metrics","instance":"self"},"values":[0],"timestamps":[1696323409458]}
```
The JSON line format allows having multiple lines in one batch. On ingestion, it is recommended to batch up to multiple
thousands of lines in one payload. Every line is represented by the following objects:
* `metric` - describes a [time series](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#time-series) with arbitrary
number of [labels](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#labels). Please note, `__name__` label is required.
* `values` - list of [values](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#raw-samples) belonging to this time series;
* `timestamps` - list of unix timestamps in milliseconds associated with each value from `values` list according to their order.
Pass `Content-Encoding: gzip` HTTP request header to `/api/v1/import` for importing gzipped data:
```console
@ -1412,13 +1398,54 @@ Note that it could be required to flush response cache after importing historica
VictoriaMetrics also may scrape Prometheus targets - see [these docs](#how-to-scrape-prometheus-exporters-such-as-node-exporter).
## Sending data via OpenTelemetry
### Sending data via OpenTelemetry
VictoriaMetrics supports data ingestion via [OpenTelemetry protocol for metrics](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/ffddc289462dfe0c2041e3ca42a7b1df805706de/specification/metrics/data-model.md) at `/opentelemetry/api/v1/push` path.
VictoriaMetrics expects `protobuf`-encoded requests at `/opentelemetry/api/v1/push`.
Set HTTP request header `Content-Encoding: gzip` when sending gzip-compressed data to `/opentelemetry/api/v1/push`.
## JSON line format
VictoriaMetrics accepts data in JSON line format at [/api/v1/import](#how-to-import-data-in-json-line-format)
and exports data in this format at [/api/v1/export](#how-to-export-data-in-json-line-format).
The format follows [JSON streaming concept](http://ndjson.org/), e.g. each line contains JSON object with metrics data in the following format:
```
{
// metric contans metric name plus labels for a particular time series
"metric":{
"__name__": "metric_name", // <- this is metric name
// Other labels for the time series
"label1": "value1",
"label2": "value2",
...
"labelN": "valueN"
},
// values contains raw sample values for the given time series
"values": [1, 2.345, -678],
// timestamps contains raw sample UNIX timestamps in milliseconds for the given time series
// every timestamp is associated with the value at the corresponding position
"timestamps": [1549891472010,1549891487724,1549891503438]
}
```
Note that every JSON object must be written in a single line, e.g. all the newline chars must be removed from it.
Every line length is limited by the value passed to `-import.maxLineLen` command-line flag (by default this is 100MB).
It is recommended passing 1K-10K samples per line for achieving the maximum data ingestion performance at [/api/v1/import](#how-to-import-data-in-json-line-format).
Too long JSON lines may increase RAM usage at VictoriaMetrics side.
It is OK to split [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#raw-samples)
for the same [time series](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#time-series) across multiple lines.
The number of lines in JSON line document can be arbitrary.
## Relabeling
VictoriaMetrics supports Prometheus-compatible relabeling for all the ingested metrics if `-relabelConfig` command-line flag points

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@ -1108,7 +1108,9 @@ VictoriaMetrics provides the following handlers for exporting data:
Send a request to `http://<victoriametrics-addr>:8428/api/v1/export?match[]=<timeseries_selector_for_export>`,
where `<timeseries_selector_for_export>` may contain any [time series selector](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/basics/#time-series-selectors)
for metrics to export. Use `{__name__!=""}` selector for fetching all the time series.
The response would contain all the data for the selected time series in [JSON streaming format](http://ndjson.org/).
The response would contain all the data for the selected time series in JSON line format - see [these docs](#json-line-format) for details on this format.
Each JSON line contains samples for a single time series. An example output:
```json
@ -1238,6 +1240,8 @@ check for changes in `vm_rows_invalid_total` (exported by server side) metric.
### How to import data in JSON line format
VictoriaMetrics accepts metrics data in JSON line format at `/api/v1/import` endpoint. See [these docs](#json-line-format) for details on this format.
Example for importing data obtained via [/api/v1/export](#how-to-export-data-in-json-line-format):
```console
@ -1248,24 +1252,6 @@ curl http://source-victoriametrics:8428/api/v1/export -d 'match={__name__!=""}'
curl -X POST http://destination-victoriametrics:8428/api/v1/import -T exported_data.jsonl
```
The structure of the JSON line format from the previous example is below:
```
cat exported_data.jsonl
{"metric":{"__name__":"go_cgo_calls_count","job":"victoria-metrics","instance":"self"},"values":[5],"timestamps":[1696323409458
]}
{"metric":{"__name__":"go_gc_forced_count","job":"victoria-metrics","instance":"self"},"values":[0],"timestamps":[1696323409458]}
{"metric":{"__name__":"vm_merges_total","job":"victoria-metrics","type":"storage/big","instance":"self"},"values":[0],"timestamps":[1696323409458]}
{"metric":{"__name__":"vm_http_request_errors_total","job":"victoria-metrics","instance":"self"},"values":[0],"timestamps":[1696323409458]}
```
The JSON line format allows having multiple lines in one batch. On ingestion, it is recommended to batch up to multiple
thousands of lines in one payload. Every line is represented by the following objects:
* `metric` - describes a [time series](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#time-series) with arbitrary
number of [labels](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#labels). Please note, `__name__` label is required.
* `values` - list of [values](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#raw-samples) belonging to this time series;
* `timestamps` - list of unix timestamps in milliseconds associated with each value from `values` list according to their order.
Pass `Content-Encoding: gzip` HTTP request header to `/api/v1/import` for importing gzipped data:
```console
@ -1420,13 +1406,54 @@ Note that it could be required to flush response cache after importing historica
VictoriaMetrics also may scrape Prometheus targets - see [these docs](#how-to-scrape-prometheus-exporters-such-as-node-exporter).
## Sending data via OpenTelemetry
### Sending data via OpenTelemetry
VictoriaMetrics supports data ingestion via [OpenTelemetry protocol for metrics](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/ffddc289462dfe0c2041e3ca42a7b1df805706de/specification/metrics/data-model.md) at `/opentelemetry/api/v1/push` path.
VictoriaMetrics expects `protobuf`-encoded requests at `/opentelemetry/api/v1/push`.
Set HTTP request header `Content-Encoding: gzip` when sending gzip-compressed data to `/opentelemetry/api/v1/push`.
## JSON line format
VictoriaMetrics accepts data in JSON line format at [/api/v1/import](#how-to-import-data-in-json-line-format)
and exports data in this format at [/api/v1/export](#how-to-export-data-in-json-line-format).
The format follows [JSON streaming concept](http://ndjson.org/), e.g. each line contains JSON object with metrics data in the following format:
```
{
// metric contans metric name plus labels for a particular time series
"metric":{
"__name__": "metric_name", // <- this is metric name
// Other labels for the time series
"label1": "value1",
"label2": "value2",
...
"labelN": "valueN"
},
// values contains raw sample values for the given time series
"values": [1, 2.345, -678],
// timestamps contains raw sample UNIX timestamps in milliseconds for the given time series
// every timestamp is associated with the value at the corresponding position
"timestamps": [1549891472010,1549891487724,1549891503438]
}
```
Note that every JSON object must be written in a single line, e.g. all the newline chars must be removed from it.
Every line length is limited by the value passed to `-import.maxLineLen` command-line flag (by default this is 100MB).
It is recommended passing 1K-10K samples per line for achieving the maximum data ingestion performance at [/api/v1/import](#how-to-import-data-in-json-line-format).
Too long JSON lines may increase RAM usage at VictoriaMetrics side.
It is OK to split [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#raw-samples)
for the same [time series](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#time-series) across multiple lines.
The number of lines in JSON line document can be arbitrary.
## Relabeling
VictoriaMetrics supports Prometheus-compatible relabeling for all the ingested metrics if `-relabelConfig` command-line flag points