--- weight: 100 title: LogsQL examples menu: docs: parent: "victorialogs" weight: 100 --- ## How to select recently ingested logs? [Run](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/querying/) the following query: ```logsql _time:5m ``` It returns logs over the last 5 minutes by using [`_time` filter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#time-filter). The logs are returned in arbitrary order because of performance reasons. Add [`sort` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#sort-pipe) to the query if you need sorting the returned logs by some field (usually [`_time` field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#time-field)): ```logsql _time:5m | sort by (_time) ``` If the number of returned logs is too big, it may be limited with the [`limit` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#limit-pipe). For example, the following query returns 10 most recent logs, which were ingested during the last 5 minutes: ```logsql _time:5m | sort by (_time desc) | limit 10 ``` See also: - [How to count the number of matching logs?](#how-to-count-the-number-of-matching-logs) - [How to return last N logs for the given query?](#how-to-return-last-n-logs-for-the-given-query) ## How to select logs with the given word in log message? Just put the needed [word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word) in the query. For example, the following query returns all the logs with the `error` [word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word) in [log message](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#message-field): ```logsql error ``` If the number of returned logs is too big, then add [`_time` filter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#time-filter) for limiting the time range for the selected logs. For example, the following query returns logs with `error` [word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word) over the last hour: ```logsql error _time:1h ``` If the number of returned logs is still too big, then consider adding more specific [filters](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#filters) to the query. For example, the following query selects logs with `error` [word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word), which do not contain `kubernetes` [word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word), over the last hour: ```logsql error !kubernetes _time:1h ``` The logs are returned in arbitrary order because of performance reasons. Add [`sort` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#sort-pipe) for sorting logs by the needed [fields](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model). For example, the following query sorts the selected logs by [`_time` field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#time-field): ```logsql error _time:1h | sort by (_time) ``` See also: - [How to select logs with all the given words in log message?](#how-to-select-logs-with-all-the-given-words-in-log-message) - [How to select logs with some of the given words in log message?](#how-to-select-logs-with-some-of-the-given-words-in-log-message) - [How to skip logs with the given word in log message?](#how-to-skip-logs-with-the-given-word-in-log-message) - [Filtering by phrase](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#phrase-filter) - [Filtering by prefix](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#prefix-filter) - [Filtering by regular expression](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#regexp-filter) - [Filtering by substring](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#substring-filter) ## How to skip logs with the given word in log message? Use [`NOT` logical filter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#logical-filter). For example, the following query returns all the logs without the `INFO` [word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word) in the [log message](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#message-field): ```logsql !INFO ``` If the number of returned logs is too big, then add [`_time` filter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#time-filter) for limiting the time range for the selected logs. For example, the following query returns matching logs over the last hour: ```logsql !INFO _time:1h ``` If the number of returned logs is still too big, then consider adding more specific [filters](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#filters) to the query. For example, the following query selects logs without `INFO` [word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word), which contain `error` [word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word), over the last hour: ```logsql !INFO error _time:1h ``` The logs are returned in arbitrary order because of performance reasons. Add [`sort` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#sort-pipe) for sorting logs by the needed [fields](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model). For example, the following query sorts the selected logs by [`_time` field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#time-field): ```logsql !INFO _time:1h | sort by (_time) ``` See also: - [How to select logs with all the given words in log message?](#how-to-select-logs-with-all-the-given-words-in-log-message) - [How to select logs with some of given words in log message?](#how-to-select-logs-with-some-of-the-given-words-in-log-message) - [Filtering by phrase](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#phrase-filter) - [Filtering by prefix](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#prefix-filter) - [Filtering by regular expression](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#regexp-filter) - [Filtering by substring](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#substring-filter) ## How to select logs with all the given words in log message? Just enumerate the needed [words](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word) in the query, by deliming them with whitespace. For example, the following query selects logs containing both `error` and `kubernetes` [words](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word) in the [log message](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#message-field): ```logsql error kubernetes ``` This query uses [`AND` logical filter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#logical-filter). If the number of returned logs is too big, then add [`_time` filter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#time-filter) for limiting the time range for the selected logs. For example, the following query returns matching logs over the last hour: ```logsql error kubernetes _time:1h ``` If the number of returned logs is still too big, then consider adding more specific [filters](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#filters) to the query. For example, the following query selects logs with `error` and `kubernetes` [words](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word) from [log streams](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#stream-fields) containing `container="my-app"` field, over the last hour: ```logsql error kubernetes _stream:{container="my-app"} _time:1h ``` The logs are returned in arbitrary order because of performance reasons. Add [`sort` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#sort-pipe) for sorting logs by the needed [fields](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model). For example, the following query sorts the selected logs by [`_time` field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#time-field): ```logsql error kubernetes _time:1h | sort by (_time) ``` See also: - [How to select logs with some of given words in log message?](#how-to-select-logs-with-some-of-the-given-words-in-log-message) - [How to skip logs with the given word in log message?](#how-to-skip-logs-with-the-given-word-in-log-message) - [Filtering by phrase](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#phrase-filter) - [Filtering by prefix](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#prefix-filter) - [Filtering by regular expression](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#regexp-filter) - [Filtering by substring](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#substring-filter) ## How to select logs with some of the given words in log message? Put the needed [words](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word) into `(...)`, by delimiting them with ` or `. For example, the following query selects logs with `error`, `ERROR` or `Error` [words](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word) in the [log message](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#message-field): ```logsql (error or ERROR or Error) ``` This query uses [`OR` logical filter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#logical-filter). If the number of returned logs is too big, then add [`_time` filter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#time-filter) for limiting the time range for the selected logs. For example, the following query returns matching logs over the last hour: ```logsql (error or ERROR or Error) _time:1h ``` If the number of returned logs is still too big, then consider adding more specific [filters](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#filters) to the query. For example, the following query selects logs without `error`, `ERROR` or `Error` [words](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word), which do not contain `kubernetes` [word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word), over the last hour: ```logsql (error or ERROR or Error) !kubernetes _time:1h ``` The logs are returned in arbitrary order because of performance reasons. Add [`sort` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#sort-pipe) for sorting logs by the needed [fields](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model). For example, the following query sorts the selected logs by [`_time` field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#time-field): ```logsql (error or ERROR or Error) _time:1h | sort by (_time) ``` See also: - [How to select logs with all the given words in log message?](#how-to-select-logs-with-all-the-given-words-in-log-message) - [How to skip logs with the given word in log message?](#how-to-skip-logs-with-the-given-word-in-log-message) - [Filtering by phrase](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#phrase-filter) - [Filtering by prefix](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#prefix-filter) - [Filtering by regular expression](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#regexp-filter) - [Filtering by substring](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#substring-filter) ## How to select logs from the given application instance? Make sure the application is properly configured with [stream-level log fields](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#stream-fields). Then just use [`_stream` filter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#stream-filter) for selecting logs for the given application instance. For example, if the application contains `job="app-42"` and `instance="host-123:5678"` [stream fields](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#stream-fields), then the following query selects all the logs from this application: ```logsql _stream:{job="app-42",instance="host-123:5678"} ``` If the number of returned logs is too big, it is recommended adding [`_time` filter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#time-filter) to the query in order to reduce the number of matching logs. For example, the following query returns logs for the given application for the last day: ```logsql _stream:{job="app-42",instance="host-123:5678"} _time:1d ``` If the number of returned logs is still too big, then consider adding more specific [filters](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#filters) to the query. For example, the following query selects logs from the given [log stream](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#stream-fields), which contain `error` [word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word) in the [log message](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#message-field), over the last day: ```logsql _stream:{job="app-42",instance="host-123:5678"} error _time:1d ``` The logs are returned in arbitrary order because of performance reasons. Use [`sort` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#sort-pipe) for sorting the returned logs by the needed fields. For example, the following query sorts the selected logs by [`_time`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#time-field): ```logsql _stream:{job="app-42",instance="host-123:5678"} _time:1d | sort by (_time) ``` See also: - [How to determine applications with the most logs?](#how-to-determine-applications-with-the-most-logs) - [How to skip logs with the given word in log message?](#how-to-skip-logs-with-the-given-word-in-log-message) ## How to count the number of matching logs? Use [`count()` stats function](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#count-stats). For example, the following query returns the number of results returned by `your_query_here`: ```logsql your_query_here | count() ``` ## How to determine applications with the most logs? [Run](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/querying/) the following query: ```logsql _time:5m | stats by (_stream) count() as logs | sort by (logs desc) | limit 10 ``` This query returns top 10 application instances (aka [log streams](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#stream-fields)) with the most logs over the last 5 minutes. This query uses the following [LogsQL](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/) features: - [`_time` filter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#time-filter) for selecting logs on the given time range (5 minutes in the query above). - [`stats` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#stats-pipe) for calculating the number of logs. per each [`_stream`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#stream-fields). [`count` stats function](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#count-stats) is used for calculating the needed stats. - [`sort` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#sort-pipe) for sorting the stats by `logs` field in descending order. - [`limit` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#limit-pipe) for limiting the number of returned results to 10. This query can be simplified into the following one, which uses [`top` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#top-pipe): ```logsql _time:5m | top 10 by (_stream) ``` See also: - [How to filter out data after stats calculation?](#how-to-filter-out-data-after-stats-calculation) - [How to calculate the number of logs per the given interval?](#how-to-calculate-the-number-of-logs-per-the-given-interval) - [How to select logs from the given application instance?](#how-to-select-logs-from-the-given-application-instance) ## How to parse JSON inside log message? It is better from performance and resource usage PoV to avoid storing JSON inside [log message](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#message-field). It is recommended storing individual JSON fields as log fields instead according to [VictoriaLogs data model](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model). If you have to store JSON inside log message or inside any other [log fields](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model), then the stored JSON can be parsed during query time via [`unpack_json` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#unpack_json-pipe). For example, the following query unpacks JSON from the [`_msg` field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#message-field) across all the logs for the last 5 minutes: ```logsql _time:5m | unpack_json ``` If you need to parse JSON array, then take a look at [`unroll` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#unroll-pipe). ## How to extract some data from text log message? Use [`extract`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#extract-pipe) or [`extract_regexp`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#extract_regexp-pipe) pipe. For example, the following query extracts `username` and `user_id` fields from text [log message](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#message-field): ```logsql _time:5m | extract "username=<username>, user_id=<user_id>," ``` See also: - [Replacing substrings in text fields](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#replace-pipe) ## How to filter out data after stats calculation? Use [`filter` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#filter-pipe). For example, the following query returns only [log streams](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#stream-fields) with more than 1000 logs over the last 5 minutes: ```logsql _time:5m | stats by (_stream) count() rows | filter rows:>1000 ``` ## How to calculate the number of logs per the given interval? Use [`stats` by time bucket](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#stats-by-time-buckets). For example, the following query returns per-hour number of logs with the `error` [word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word) for the last day: ```logsql _time:1d error | stats by (_time:1h) count() rows | sort by (_time) ``` This query uses [`sort` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#sort-pipe) in order to sort per-hour stats by [`_time`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#time-field). ## How to calculate the number of logs per IPv4 subnetwork? Use [`stats` by IPv4 bucket](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#stats-by-ipv4-buckets). For example, the following query returns top 10 `/24` subnetworks with the biggest number of logs for the last 5 minutes: ```logsql _time:5m | stats by (ip:/24) count() rows | sort by (rows desc) limit 10 ``` This query uses [`sort` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#sort-pipe) in order to sort per-subnetwork stats by descending number of rows and limiting the result to top 10 rows. The query assumes the original logs have `ip` [field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model) with the IPv4 address. If the IPv4 address is located inside [log message](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#message-field) or any other text field, then it can be extracted with the [`extract`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#extract-pipe) or [`extract_regexp`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#extract_regexp-pipe) pipes. For example, the following query extracts IPv4 address from [`_msg` field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#message-field) and then returns top 10 `/16` subnetworks with the biggest number of logs for the last 5 minutes: ```logsql _time:5m | extract_regexp "(?P<ip>([0-9]+[.]){3}[0-9]+)" | stats by (ip:/16) count() rows | sort by (rows desc) limit 10 ``` ## How to calculate the number of logs per every value of the given field? Use [`stats` by field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#stats-by-fields). For example, the following query calculates the number of logs per `level` [field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model) for logs over the last 5 minutes: ```logsql _time:5m | stats by (level) count() rows ``` An alternative is to use [`field_values` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#field_values-pipe): ```logsql _time:5m | field_values level ``` ## How to get unique values for the given field? Use [`uniq` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#uniq-pipe). For example, the following query returns unique values for the `ip` field over logs for the last 5 minutes: ```logsql _time:5m | uniq by (ip) ``` ## How to get unique sets of values for the given fields? Use [`uniq` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#uniq-pipe). For example, the following query returns unique sets for (`host`, `path`) fields over logs for the last 5 minutes: ```logsql _time:5m | uniq by (host, path) ``` ## How to return last N logs for the given query? Use [`sort` pipe with limit](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#sort-pipe). For example, the following query returns the last 10 logs with the `error` [word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word) in the [`_msg` field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#message-field) over the logs for the last 5 minutes: ```logsql _time:5m error | sort by (_time desc) limit 10 ``` It sorts the matching logs by [`_time` field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#time-field) in descending order and then selects the first 10 logs with the highest values for the `_time` field. If the query is sent to [`/select/logsql/query` HTTP API](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/querying/#querying-logs), then `limit=N` query arg can be passed to it in order to return up to `N` latest log entries. For example, the following command returns up to 10 latest log entries with the `error` word: ```sh curl http://localhost:9428/select/logsql/query -d 'query=error' -d 'limit=10' ``` See also: - [How to select recently ingested logs?](#how-to-select-recently-ingested-logs) - [How to return last N logs for the given query?](#how-to-return-last-n-logs-for-the-given-query) ## How to calculate the share of error logs to the total number of logs? Use the following query: ```logsql _time:5m | stats count() logs, count() if (error) errors | math errors / logs ``` This query uses the following [LogsQL](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/) features: - [`_time` filter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#time-filter) for selecting logs on the given time range (last 5 minutes in the query above). - [`stats` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#stats-pipe) with [additional filtering](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#stats-with-additional-filters) for calculating the total number of logs and the number of logs with the `error` [word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word) on the selected time range. - [`math` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#math-pipe) for calculating the share of logs with `error` [word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word) comparing to the total number of logs. ## How to select logs for working hours and weekdays? Use [`day_range`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#day-range-filter) and [`week_range`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#week-range-filter) filters. For example, the following query selects logs from Monday to Friday in working hours `[08:00 - 18:00]` over the last 4 weeks: ```logsql _time:4w _time:week_range[Mon, Fri] _time:day_range[08:00, 18:00) ``` It uses implicit [`AND` logical filter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#logical-filter) for joining multiple filters on [`_time` field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#time-field). ## How to find logs with the given phrase containing whitespace? Use [`phrase filter`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#phrase-filter). For example, the following [LogsQL query](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/) returns logs with the `cannot open file` phrase over the last 5 minutes: ```logsql _time:5m "cannot open file" ``` ## How to select all the logs for a particular stacktrace or panic? Use [`stream_context` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#stream_context-pipe) for selecting surrounding logs for the given log. For example, the following query selects up to 10 logs in front of every log message containing the `stacktrace` [word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word), plus up to 100 logs after the given log message: ```logsql _time:5m stacktrace | stream_context before 10 after 100 ```