VictoriaMetrics/app/vmbackupmanager/README.md
2023-01-03 23:27:06 -08:00

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## vmbackupmanager
***vmbackupmanager is a part of [enterprise package](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html). It is available for download and evaluation at [releases page](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/releases)***
The VictoriaMetrics backup manager automates regular backup procedures. It supports the following backup intervals: **hourly**, **daily**, **weekly** and **monthly**.
Multiple backup intervals may be configured simultaneously. I.e. the backup manager creates hourly backups every hour, while it creates daily backups every day, etc.
Backup manager must have read access to the storage data, so best practice is to install it on the same machine (or as a sidecar) where the storage node is installed.
The backup service makes a backup every hour and puts it to the latest folder and then copies data to the folders
which represent the backup intervals (hourly, daily, weekly and monthly)
The required flags for running the service are as follows:
* -eula - should be true and means that you have the legal right to run a backup manager. That can either be a signed contract or an email
with confirmation to run the service in a trial period.
* -storageDataPath - path to VictoriaMetrics or vmstorage data path to make backup from.
* -snapshot.createURL - VictoriaMetrics creates snapshot URL which will automatically be created during backup. Example: <http://victoriametrics:8428/snapshot/create>
* -dst - backup destination at [the supported storage types](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmbackup.html#supported-storage-types).
* -credsFilePath - path to file with GCS or S3 credentials. Credentials are loaded from default locations if not set.
See [https://cloud.google.com/iam/docs/creating-managing-service-account-keys](https://cloud.google.com/iam/docs/creating-managing-service-account-keys)
and [https://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/aws-security-credentials.html](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/aws-security-credentials.html).
Backup schedule is controlled by the following flags:
* -disableHourly - disable hourly run. Default false
* -disableDaily - disable daily run. Default false
* -disableWeekly - disable weekly run. Default false
* -disableMonthly - disable monthly run. Default false
By default, all flags are turned on and Backup Manager backups data every hour for every interval (hourly, daily, weekly and monthly).
The backup manager creates the following directory hierarchy at **-dst**:
* /latest/ - contains the latest backup
* /hourly/ - contains hourly backups. Each backup is named as *YYYY-MM-DD:HH*
* /daily/ - contains daily backups. Each backup is named as *YYYY-MM-DD*
* /weekly/ - contains weekly backups. Each backup is named as *YYYY-WW*
* /monthly/ - contains monthly backups. Each backup is named as *YYYY-MM*
To get the full list of supported flags please run the following command:
```console
./vmbackupmanager --help
```
The service creates a **full** backup each run. This means that the system can be restored fully
from any particular backup using [vmrestore](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmrestore.html).
Backup manager uploads only the data that has been changed or created since the most recent backup (incremental backup).
This reduces the consumed network traffic and the time needed for performing the backup.
See [this article](https://medium.com/@valyala/speeding-up-backups-for-big-time-series-databases-533c1a927883) for details.
*Please take into account that the first backup upload could take a significant amount of time as it needs to upload all of the data.*
There are two flags which could help with performance tuning:
* -maxBytesPerSecond - the maximum upload speed. There is no limit if it is set to 0
* -concurrency - The number of concurrent workers. Higher concurrency may improve upload speed (default 10)
## Example of Usage
GCS and cluster version. You need to have a credentials file in json format with following structure:
credentials.json
```json
{
"type": "service_account",
"project_id": "<project>",
"private_key_id": "",
"private_key": "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----\-----END PRIVATE KEY-----\n",
"client_email": "test@<project>.iam.gserviceaccount.com",
"client_id": "",
"auth_uri": "https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth",
"token_uri": "https://oauth2.googleapis.com/token",
"auth_provider_x509_cert_url": "https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v1/certs",
"client_x509_cert_url": "https://www.googleapis.com/robot/v1/metadata/x509/test%40<project>.iam.gserviceaccount.com"
}
```
Backup manager launched with the following configuration:
```console
export NODE_IP=192.168.0.10
export VMSTORAGE_ENDPOINT=http://127.0.0.1:8428
./vmbackupmanager -dst=gs://vmstorage-data/$NODE_IP -credsFilePath=credentials.json -storageDataPath=/vmstorage-data -snapshot.createURL=$VMSTORAGE_ENDPOINT/snapshot/create -eula
```
Expected logs in vmbackupmanager:
```console
info lib/backup/actions/backup.go:131 server-side copied 81 out of 81 parts from GCS{bucket: "vmstorage-data", dir: "192.168.0.10//latest/"} to GCS{bucket: "vmstorage-data", dir: "192.168.0.10//weekly/2020-34/"} in 2.549833008s
info lib/backup/actions/backup.go:169 backed up 853315 bytes in 2.882 seconds; deleted 0 bytes; server-side copied 853315 bytes; uploaded 0 bytes
```
Expected logs in vmstorage:
```console
info VictoriaMetrics/lib/storage/table.go:146 creating table snapshot of "/vmstorage-data/data"...
info VictoriaMetrics/lib/storage/storage.go:311 deleting snapshot "/vmstorage-data/snapshots/20200818201959-162C760149895DDA"...
info VictoriaMetrics/lib/storage/storage.go:319 deleted snapshot "/vmstorage-data/snapshots/20200818201959-162C760149895DDA" in 0.169 seconds
```
The result on the GCS bucket
* The root folder
![root](vmbackupmanager_root_folder.png)
* The latest folder
![latest](vmbackupmanager_latest_folder.png)
## Backup Retention Policy
Backup retention policy is controlled by:
* -keepLastHourly - keep the last N hourly backups. Disabled by default
* -keepLastDaily - keep the last N daily backups. Disabled by default
* -keepLastWeekly - keep the last N weekly backups. Disabled by default
* -keepLastMonthly - keep the last N monthly backups. Disabled by default
*Note*: 0 value in every keepLast flag results into deletion ALL backups for particular type (hourly, daily, weekly and monthly)
Lets assume we have a backup manager collecting daily backups for the past 10 days.
![daily](vmbackupmanager_rp_daily_1.png)
We enable backup retention policy for backup manager by using following configuration:
```console
export NODE_IP=192.168.0.10
export VMSTORAGE_ENDPOINT=http://127.0.0.1:8428
./vmbackupmanager -dst=gs://vmstorage-data/$NODE_IP -credsFilePath=credentials.json -storageDataPath=/vmstorage-data -snapshot.createURL=$VMSTORAGE_ENDPOINT/snapshot/create
-keepLastDaily=3 -eula
```
Expected logs in backup manager on start:
```console
info lib/logger/flag.go:20 flag "keepLastDaily" = "3"
```
Expected logs in backup manager during retention cycle:
```console
info app/vmbackupmanager/retention.go:106 daily backups to delete [daily/2021-02-13 daily/2021-02-12 daily/2021-02-11 daily/2021-02-10 daily/2021-02-09 daily/2021-02-08 daily/2021-02-07]
```
The result on the GCS bucket. We see only 3 daily backups:
![daily](vmbackupmanager_rp_daily_2.png)
## API methods
`vmbackupmanager` exposes the following API methods:
* GET `/api/v1/backups` - returns list of backups in remote storage.
Example output:
```json
[{"name":"daily/2022-11-30","size_bytes":26664689,"size":"25.429Mi"},{"name":"daily/2022-12-01","size_bytes":40160965,"size":"38.300Mi"},{"name":"hourly/2022-11-30:12","size_bytes":5846529,"size":"5.576Mi"},{"name":"hourly/2022-11-30:13","size_bytes":17651847,"size":"16.834Mi"},{"name":"hourly/2022-11-30:13:22","size_bytes":8797831,"size":"8.390Mi"},{"name":"hourly/2022-11-30:14","size_bytes":10680454,"size":"10.186Mi"}]
```
* POST `/api/v1/restore` - saves backup name to restore when [performing restore](#restore-commands).
Example request body:
```json
{"backup":"daily/2022-10-06"}
```
* GET `/api/v1/restore` - returns backup name from restore mark if it exists.
Example response:
```json
{"backup":"daily/2022-10-06"}
```
* DELETE `/api/v1/restore` - delete restore mark.
## CLI
`vmbackupmanager` exposes CLI commands to work with [API methods](#api-methods) without external dependencies.
Supported commands:
```console
vmbackupmanager backup
vmbackupmanager backup list
List backups in remote storage
vmbackupmanager restore
Restore backup specified by restore mark if it exists
vmbackupmanager restore get
Get restore mark if it exists
vmbackupmanager restore delete
Delete restore mark if it exists
vmbackupmanager restore create [backup_name]
Create restore mark
```
By default, CLI commands are using `http://127.0.0.1:8300` endpoint to reach `vmbackupmanager` API.
It can be changed by using flag:
```
-apiURL string
vmbackupmanager address to perform API requests (default "http://127.0.0.1:8300")
```
### Backup commands
`vmbackupmanager backup list` lists backups in remote storage:
```console
$ ./vmbackupmanager backup list
[{"name":"daily/2022-11-30","size_bytes":26664689,"size":"25.429Mi"},{"name":"daily/2022-12-01","size_bytes":40160965,"size":"38.300Mi"},{"name":"hourly/2022-11-30:12","size_bytes":5846529,"size":"5.576Mi"},{"name":"hourly/2022-11-30:13","size_bytes":17651847,"size":"16.834Mi"},{"name":"hourly/2022-11-30:13:22","size_bytes":8797831,"size":"8.390Mi"},{"name":"hourly/2022-11-30:14","size_bytes":10680454,"size":"10.186Mi"}]
```
### Restore commands
Restore commands are used to create, get and delete restore mark.
Restore mark is used by `vmbackupmanager` to store backup name to restore when running restore.
Create restore mark:
```console
$ ./vmbackupmanager restore create daily/2022-10-06
```
Get restore mark if it exists:
```console
$ ./vmbackupmanager restore get
{"backup":"daily/2022-10-06"}
```
Delete restore mark if it exists:
```console
$ ./vmbackupmanager restore delete
```
Perform restore:
```console
$ /vmbackupmanager-prod restore -dst=gs://vmstorage-data/$NODE_IP -credsFilePath=credentials.json -storageDataPath=/vmstorage-data
```
Note that `vmsingle` or `vmstorage` should be stopped before performing restore.
If restore mark doesn't exist at `storageDataPath`(restore wasn't requested) `vmbackupmanager restore` will exit with successful status code.
### How to restore backup via CLI
1. Run `vmbackupmanager backup list` to get list of available backups:
```console
$ /vmbackupmanager-prod backup list
["daily/2022-10-06","daily/2022-10-10","hourly/2022-10-04:13","hourly/2022-10-06:12","hourly/2022-10-06:13","hourly/2022-10-10:14","hourly/2022-10-10:16","monthly/2022-10","weekly/2022-40","weekly/2022-41"]
```
2. Run `vmbackupmanager restore create` to create restore mark:
- Use relative path to backup to restore from currently used remote storage:
```console
$ /vmbackupmanager-prod restore create daily/2022-10-06
```
- Use full path to backup to restore from any remote storage:
```console
$ /vmbackupmanager-prod restore create azblob://test1/vmbackupmanager/daily/2022-10-06
```
3. Stop `vmstorage` or `vmsingle` node
4. Run `vmbackupmanager restore` to restore backup:
```console
$ /vmbackupmanager-prod restore -credsFilePath=credentials.json -storageDataPath=/vmstorage-data
```
5. Start `vmstorage` or `vmsingle` node
### How to restore in Kubernetes
1. Ensure there is an init container with `vmbackupmanager restore` in `vmstorage` or `vmsingle` pod.
For [VictoriaMetrics operator](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/operator/VictoriaMetrics-Operator.html) deployments it is required to add:
```yaml
vmbackup:
restore:
onStart: "true"
```
See operator `VMStorage` schema [here](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/operator/api.html#vmstorage) and `VMSingle` [here](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/operator/api.html#vmsinglespec).
2. Enter container running `vmbackupmanager`
2. Use `vmbackupmanager backup list` to get list of available backups:
```console
$ /vmbackupmanager-prod backup list
["daily/2022-10-06","daily/2022-10-10","hourly/2022-10-04:13","hourly/2022-10-06:12","hourly/2022-10-06:13","hourly/2022-10-10:14","hourly/2022-10-10:16","monthly/2022-10","weekly/2022-40","weekly/2022-41"]
```
3. Use `vmbackupmanager restore create` to create restore mark:
- Use relative path to backup to restore from currently used remote storage:
```console
$ /vmbackupmanager-prod restore create daily/2022-10-06
```
- Use full path to backup to restore from any remote storage:
```console
$ /vmbackupmanager-prod restore create azblob://test1/vmbackupmanager/daily/2022-10-06
```
4. Restart pod
#### Restore cluster into another cluster
These steps are assuming that [VictoriaMetrics operator](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/operator/VictoriaMetrics-Operator.html) is used to manage `VMCluster`.
Clusters here are referred to as `source` and `destination`.
1. Create a new cluster with access to *source* cluster `vmbackupmanager` storage and same number of storage nodes.
Add the following section in order to enable restore on start (operator `VMStorage` schema can be found [here](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/operator/api.html#vmstorage):
```yaml
vmbackup:
restore:
onStart: "true"
```
Note: it is safe to leave this section in the cluster configuration, since it will be ignored if restore mark doesn't exist.
> Important! Use different `-dst` for *destination* cluster to avoid overwriting backup data of the *source* cluster.
2. Enter container running `vmbackupmanager` in *source* cluster
2. Use `vmbackupmanager backup list` to get list of available backups:
```console
$ /vmbackupmanager-prod backup list
["daily/2022-10-06","daily/2022-10-10","hourly/2022-10-04:13","hourly/2022-10-06:12","hourly/2022-10-06:13","hourly/2022-10-10:14","hourly/2022-10-10:16","monthly/2022-10","weekly/2022-40","weekly/2022-41"]
```
3. Use `vmbackupmanager restore create` to create restore mark at each pod of the *destination* cluster.
Each pod in *destination* cluster should be restored from backup of respective pod in *source* cluster.
For example: `vmstorage-source-0` in *source* cluster should be restored from `vmstorage-destination-0` in *destination* cluster.
```console
$ /vmbackupmanager-prod restore create s3://source_cluster/vmstorage-source-0/daily/2022-10-06
```
## Configuration
### Flags
Pass `-help` to `vmbackupmanager` in order to see the full list of supported
command-line flags with their descriptions.
The shortlist of configuration flags is the following:
```
vmbackupmanager performs regular backups according to the provided configs.
subcommands:
backup: provides auxiliary backup-related commands
restore: restores backup specified by restore mark if it exists
command-line flags:
-apiURL string
vmbackupmanager address to perform API requests (default "http://127.0.0.1:8300")
-concurrency int
The number of concurrent workers. Higher concurrency may reduce backup duration (default 10)
-configFilePath string
Path to file with S3 configs. Configs are loaded from default location if not set.
See https://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/aws-security-credentials.html
-configProfile string
Profile name for S3 configs. If no set, the value of the environment variable will be loaded (AWS_PROFILE or AWS_DEFAULT_PROFILE), or if both not set, DefaultSharedConfigProfile is used
-credsFilePath string
Path to file with GCS or S3 credentials. Credentials are loaded from default locations if not set.
See https://cloud.google.com/iam/docs/creating-managing-service-account-keys and https://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/aws-security-credentials.html
-customS3Endpoint string
Custom S3 endpoint for use with S3-compatible storages (e.g. MinIO). S3 is used if not set
-disableDaily
Disable daily run. Default false
-disableHourly
Disable hourly run. Default false
-disableMonthly
Disable monthly run. Default false
-disableWeekly
Disable weekly run. Default false
-dst string
The root folder of Victoria Metrics backups. Example: gs://bucket/path/to/backup/dir, s3://bucket/path/to/backup/dir or fs:///path/to/local/backup/dir
-enableTCP6
Whether to enable IPv6 for listening and dialing. By default only IPv4 TCP and UDP is used
-envflag.enable
Whether to enable reading flags from environment variables additionally to command line. Command line flag values have priority over values from environment vars. Flags are read only from command line if this flag isn't set. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/#environment-variables for more details
-envflag.prefix string
Prefix for environment variables if -envflag.enable is set
-eula
By specifying this flag, you confirm that you have an enterprise license and accept the EULA https://victoriametrics.com/assets/VM_EULA.pdf . This flag is available only in VictoriaMetrics enterprise. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html
-flagsAuthKey string
Auth key for /flags endpoint. It must be passed via authKey query arg. It overrides httpAuth.* settings
-fs.disableMmap
Whether to use pread() instead of mmap() for reading data files. By default mmap() is used for 64-bit arches and pread() is used for 32-bit arches, since they cannot read data files bigger than 2^32 bytes in memory. mmap() is usually faster for reading small data chunks than pread()
-http.connTimeout duration
Incoming http connections are closed after the configured timeout. This may help to spread the incoming load among a cluster of services behind a load balancer. Please note that the real timeout may be bigger by up to 10% as a protection against the thundering herd problem (default 2m0s)
-http.disableResponseCompression
Disable compression of HTTP responses to save CPU resources. By default compression is enabled to save network bandwidth
-http.idleConnTimeout duration
Timeout for incoming idle http connections (default 1m0s)
-http.maxGracefulShutdownDuration duration
The maximum duration for a graceful shutdown of the HTTP server. A highly loaded server may require increased value for a graceful shutdown (default 7s)
-http.pathPrefix string
An optional prefix to add to all the paths handled by http server. For example, if '-http.pathPrefix=/foo/bar' is set, then all the http requests will be handled on '/foo/bar/*' paths. This may be useful for proxied requests. See https://www.robustperception.io/using-external-urls-and-proxies-with-prometheus
-http.shutdownDelay duration
Optional delay before http server shutdown. During this delay, the server returns non-OK responses from /health page, so load balancers can route new requests to other servers
-httpAuth.password string
Password for HTTP Basic Auth. The authentication is disabled if -httpAuth.username is empty
-httpAuth.username string
Username for HTTP Basic Auth. The authentication is disabled if empty. See also -httpAuth.password
-httpListenAddr string
Address to listen for http connections (default ":8300")
-keepLastDaily int
Keep last N daily backups. If 0 is specified next retention cycle removes all backups for given time period. (default -1)
-keepLastHourly int
Keep last N hourly backups. If 0 is specified next retention cycle removes all backups for given time period. (default -1)
-keepLastMonthly int
Keep last N monthly backups. If 0 is specified next retention cycle removes all backups for given time period. (default -1)
-keepLastWeekly int
Keep last N weekly backups. If 0 is specified next retention cycle removes all backups for given time period. (default -1)
-loggerDisableTimestamps
Whether to disable writing timestamps in logs
-loggerErrorsPerSecondLimit int
Per-second limit on the number of ERROR messages. If more than the given number of errors are emitted per second, the remaining errors are suppressed. Zero values disable the rate limit
-loggerFormat string
Format for logs. Possible values: default, json (default "default")
-loggerJSONFields string
Allows renaming fields in JSON formatted logs. Example: "ts:timestamp,msg:message" renames "ts" to "timestamp" and "msg" to "message". Supported fields: ts, level, caller, msg
-loggerLevel string
Minimum level of errors to log. Possible values: INFO, WARN, ERROR, FATAL, PANIC (default "INFO")
-loggerOutput string
Output for the logs. Supported values: stderr, stdout (default "stderr")
-loggerTimezone string
Timezone to use for timestamps in logs. Timezone must be a valid IANA Time Zone. For example: America/New_York, Europe/Berlin, Etc/GMT+3 or Local (default "UTC")
-loggerWarnsPerSecondLimit int
Per-second limit on the number of WARN messages. If more than the given number of warns are emitted per second, then the remaining warns are suppressed. Zero values disable the rate limit
-maxBytesPerSecond int
The maximum upload speed. There is no limit if it is set to 0
-memory.allowedBytes size
Allowed size of system memory VictoriaMetrics caches may occupy. This option overrides -memory.allowedPercent if set to a non-zero value. Too low a value may increase the cache miss rate usually resulting in higher CPU and disk IO usage. Too high a value may evict too much data from OS page cache resulting in higher disk IO usage
Supports the following optional suffixes for size values: KB, MB, GB, TB, KiB, MiB, GiB, TiB (default 0)
-memory.allowedPercent float
Allowed percent of system memory VictoriaMetrics caches may occupy. See also -memory.allowedBytes. Too low a value may increase cache miss rate usually resulting in higher CPU and disk IO usage. Too high a value may evict too much data from OS page cache which will result in higher disk IO usage (default 60)
-metricsAuthKey string
Auth key for /metrics endpoint. It must be passed via authKey query arg. It overrides httpAuth.* settings
-pprofAuthKey string
Auth key for /debug/pprof/* endpoints. It must be passed via authKey query arg. It overrides httpAuth.* settings
-pushmetrics.extraLabel array
Optional labels to add to metrics pushed to -pushmetrics.url . For example, -pushmetrics.extraLabel='instance="foo"' adds instance="foo" label to all the metrics pushed to -pushmetrics.url
Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
-pushmetrics.interval duration
Interval for pushing metrics to -pushmetrics.url (default 10s)
-pushmetrics.url array
Optional URL to push metrics exposed at /metrics page. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/#push-metrics . By default metrics exposed at /metrics page aren't pushed to any remote storage
Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
-runOnStart
Upload backups immediately after start of the service. Otherwise the backup starts on new hour
-s3ForcePathStyle
Prefixing endpoint with bucket name when set false, true by default. (default true)
-snapshot.createURL string
VictoriaMetrics create snapshot url. When this is given a snapshot will automatically be created during backup.Example: http://victoriametrics:8428/snapshot/create
-snapshot.deleteURL string
VictoriaMetrics delete snapshot url. Optional. Will be generated from snapshot.createURL if not provided. All created snaphosts will be automatically deleted.Example: http://victoriametrics:8428/snapshot/delete
-storageDataPath string
Path to VictoriaMetrics data. Must match -storageDataPath from VictoriaMetrics or vmstorage (default "victoria-metrics-data")
-tls
Whether to enable TLS for incoming HTTP requests at -httpListenAddr (aka https). -tlsCertFile and -tlsKeyFile must be set if -tls is set
-tlsCertFile string
Path to file with TLS certificate if -tls is set. Prefer ECDSA certs instead of RSA certs as RSA certs are slower. The provided certificate file is automatically re-read every second, so it can be dynamically updated
-tlsCipherSuites array
Optional list of TLS cipher suites for incoming requests over HTTPS if -tls is set. See the list of supported cipher suites at https://pkg.go.dev/crypto/tls#pkg-constants
Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
-tlsKeyFile string
Path to file with TLS key if -tls is set. The provided key file is automatically re-read every second, so it can be dynamically updated
-tlsMinVersion string
Optional minimum TLS version to use for incoming requests over HTTPS if -tls is set. Supported values: TLS10, TLS11, TLS12, TLS13
-version
Show VictoriaMetrics version
```