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VictoriaMetrics/docs/guides/k8s-monitoring-via-vm-cluster.md
hagen1778 0a5ffb3bc1
docs: remove slug from Grafana dashboard URLs 
Each Grafana dashboard has unique ID which can be used to fetch the dashboard
from grafana.com: https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/11176
The same dashboard can be accessed via URL with slug: https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/11176-victoriametrics-cluster/
But using slug implies that any change to dashboard name will break the link.
So it is better to just use ID, so the dashboard URL will never break.

This is follow-up for ff33e60a3d

Signed-off-by: hagen1778 <roman@victoriametrics.com>
2024-01-18 11:19:53 +01:00

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---
weight: 3
title: Kubernetes monitoring with VictoriaMetrics Cluster
menu:
docs:
parent: "guides"
weight: 3
aliases:
- /guides/k8s-monitoring-via-vm-cluster.html
---
# Kubernetes monitoring with VictoriaMetrics Cluster
**This guide covers:**
* The setup of a [VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html) in [Kubernetes](https://kubernetes.io/) via Helm charts
* How to scrape metrics from k8s components using service discovery
* How to visualize stored data
* How to store metrics in [VictoriaMetrics](https://victoriametrics.com) tsdb
**Precondition**
We will use:
* [Kubernetes cluster 1.19.9-gke.1900](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine)
> We use GKE cluster from [GCP](https://cloud.google.com/) but this guide also applies on any Kubernetes cluster. For example [Amazon EKS](https://aws.amazon.com/ru/eks/).
* [Helm 3 ](https://helm.sh/docs/intro/install)
* [kubectl 1.21](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/install-kubectl)
<p align="center">
<img src="k8s-monitoring-via-vm-cluster_scheme.webp" width="800" alt="VictoriaMetrics Cluster on Kubernetes cluster">
</p>
## 1. VictoriaMetrics Helm repository
> For this guide we will use Helm 3 but if you already use Helm 2 please see this [https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/helm-charts#for-helm-v2](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/helm-charts#for-helm-v2)
You need to add the VictoriaMetrics Helm repository to install VictoriaMetrics components. We’re going to use [VictoriaMetrics Cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html). You can do this by running the following command:
<div class="with-copy" markdown="1">
```console
helm repo add vm https://victoriametrics.github.io/helm-charts/
```
</div>
Update Helm repositories:
<div class="with-copy" markdown="1">
```console
helm repo update
```
</div>
To verify that everything is set up correctly you may run this command:
<div class="with-copy" markdown="1">
```console
helm search repo vm/
```
</div>
The expected output is:
```console
NAME CHART VERSION APP VERSION DESCRIPTION
vm/victoria-metrics-agent 0.7.20 v1.62.0 Victoria Metrics Agent - collects metrics from ...
vm/victoria-metrics-alert 0.3.34 v1.62.0 Victoria Metrics Alert - executes a list of giv...
vm/victoria-metrics-auth 0.2.23 1.62.0 Victoria Metrics Auth - is a simple auth proxy ...
vm/victoria-metrics-cluster 0.8.32 1.62.0 Victoria Metrics Cluster version - high-perform...
vm/victoria-metrics-k8s-stack 0.2.9 1.16.0 Kubernetes monitoring on VictoriaMetrics stack....
vm/victoria-metrics-operator 0.1.17 0.16.0 Victoria Metrics Operator
vm/victoria-metrics-single 0.7.5 1.62.0 Victoria Metrics Single version - high-performa...
```
## 2. Install VictoriaMetrics Cluster from the Helm chart
Run this command in your terminal:
<div class="with-copy" markdown="1">
```yaml
cat <<EOF | helm install vmcluster vm/victoria-metrics-cluster -f -
vmselect:
podAnnotations:
prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
prometheus.io/port: "8481"
vminsert:
podAnnotations:
prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
prometheus.io/port: "8480"
vmstorage:
podAnnotations:
prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
prometheus.io/port: "8482"
EOF
```
</div>
* By running `Helm install vmcluster vm/victoria-metrics-cluster` we install [VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html) to default [namespace](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/namespaces/) inside your cluster.
* By adding `podAnnotations: prometheus.io/scrape: "true"` we enable the scraping of metrics from the vmselect, vminsert and vmstorage pods.
* By adding `podAnnotations:prometheus.io/port: "some_port" ` we enable the scraping of metrics from the vmselect, vminsert and vmstorage pods from their ports as well.
As a result of this command you will see the following output:
```console
NAME: vmcluster
LAST DEPLOYED: Thu Jul 1 09:41:57 2021
NAMESPACE: default
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 1
TEST SUITE: None
NOTES:
Write API:
The Victoria Metrics write api can be accessed via port 8480 with the following DNS name from within your cluster:
vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vminsert.default.svc.cluster.local
Get the Victoria Metrics insert service URL by running these commands in the same shell:
export POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods --namespace default -l "app=vminsert" -o jsonpath="{.items[0].metadata.name}")
kubectl --namespace default port-forward $POD_NAME 8480
You need to update your Prometheus configuration file and add the following lines to it:
prometheus.yml
remote_write:
- url: "http://<insert-service>/insert/0/prometheus/"
for example - inside the Kubernetes cluster:
remote_write:
- url: "http://vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vminsert.default.svc.cluster.local:8480/insert/0/prometheus/"
Read API:
The VictoriaMetrics read api can be accessed via port 8481 with the following DNS name from within your cluster:
vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vmselect.default.svc.cluster.local
Get the VictoriaMetrics select service URL by running these commands in the same shell:
export POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods --namespace default -l "app=vmselect" -o jsonpath="{.items[0].metadata.name}")
kubectl --namespace default port-forward $POD_NAME 8481
You will need to specify select service URL in your Grafana:
NOTE: you need to use Prometheus Data Source
Input this URL field in Grafana
http://<select-service>/select/0/prometheus/
for example - inside the Kubernetes cluster:
http://vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vmselect.default.svc.cluster.local:8481/select/0/prometheus/"
```
For us it’s important to remember the url for the datasource (copy lines from the output).
Verify that [VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html) pods are up and running by executing the following command:
<div class="with-copy" markdown="1">
```console
kubectl get pods
```
</div>
The expected output is:
```console
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vminsert-689cbc8f55-95szg 1/1 Running 0 16m
vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vminsert-689cbc8f55-f852l 1/1 Running 0 16m
vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vmselect-977d74cdf-bbgp5 1/1 Running 0 16m
vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vmselect-977d74cdf-vzp6z 1/1 Running 0 16m
vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vmstorage-0 1/1 Running 0 16m
vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vmstorage-1 1/1 Running 0 16m
```
## 3. Install vmagent from the Helm chart
To scrape metrics from Kubernetes with a [VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html) we need to install [vmagent](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent.html) with additional configuration. To do so, please run these commands in your terminal:
<div class="with-copy" markdown="1">
```yaml
helm install vmagent vm/victoria-metrics-agent -f https://docs.victoriametrics.com/guides/guide-vmcluster-vmagent-values.yaml
```
</div>
Here is full file content `guide-vmcluster-vmagent-values.yaml`
```yaml
remoteWriteUrls:
- http://vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vminsert.default.svc.cluster.local:8480/insert/0/prometheus/
config:
global:
scrape_interval: 10s
scrape_configs:
- job_name: vmagent
static_configs:
- targets: ["localhost:8429"]
- job_name: "kubernetes-apiservers"
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
scheme: https
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
insecure_skip_verify: true
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
relabel_configs:
- source_labels:
[
__meta_kubernetes_namespace,
__meta_kubernetes_service_name,
__meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name,
]
action: keep
regex: default;kubernetes;https
- job_name: "kubernetes-nodes"
scheme: https
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
insecure_skip_verify: true
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: node
relabel_configs:
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
- target_label: __address__
replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
regex: (.+)
target_label: __metrics_path__
replacement: /api/v1/nodes/$1/proxy/metrics
- job_name: "kubernetes-nodes-cadvisor"
scheme: https
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
insecure_skip_verify: true
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: node
relabel_configs:
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
- target_label: __address__
replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
regex: (.+)
target_label: __metrics_path__
replacement: /api/v1/nodes/$1/proxy/metrics/cadvisor
metric_relabel_configs:
- action: replace
source_labels: [pod]
regex: '(.+)'
target_label: pod_name
replacement: '${1}'
- action: replace
source_labels: [container]
regex: '(.+)'
target_label: container_name
replacement: '${1}'
- action: replace
target_label: name
replacement: k8s_stub
- action: replace
source_labels: [id]
regex: '^/system\.slice/(.+)\.service$'
target_label: systemd_service_name
replacement: '${1}'
- job_name: "kubernetes-service-endpoints"
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
relabel_configs:
- action: drop
source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_container_init]
regex: true
- action: keep_if_equal
source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_port, __meta_kubernetes_pod_container_port_number]
- source_labels:
[__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
action: keep
regex: true
- source_labels:
[__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]
action: replace
target_label: __scheme__
regex: (https?)
- source_labels:
[__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
action: replace
target_label: __metrics_path__
regex: (.+)
- source_labels:
[
__address__,
__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port,
]
action: replace
target_label: __address__
regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
replacement: $1:$2
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
action: replace
target_label: kubernetes_namespace
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
action: replace
target_label: kubernetes_name
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_node_name]
action: replace
target_label: kubernetes_node
- job_name: "kubernetes-service-endpoints-slow"
scrape_interval: 5m
scrape_timeout: 30s
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
relabel_configs:
- action: drop
source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_container_init]
regex: true
- action: keep_if_equal
source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_port, __meta_kubernetes_pod_container_port_number]
- source_labels:
[__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape_slow]
action: keep
regex: true
- source_labels:
[__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]
action: replace
target_label: __scheme__
regex: (https?)
- source_labels:
[__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
action: replace
target_label: __metrics_path__
regex: (.+)
- source_labels:
[
__address__,
__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port,
]
action: replace
target_label: __address__
regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
replacement: $1:$2
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
action: replace
target_label: kubernetes_namespace
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
action: replace
target_label: kubernetes_name
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_node_name]
action: replace
target_label: kubernetes_node
- job_name: "kubernetes-services"
metrics_path: /probe
params:
module: [http_2xx]
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: service
relabel_configs:
- source_labels:
[__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_probe]
action: keep
regex: true
- source_labels: [__address__]
target_label: __param_target
- target_label: __address__
replacement: blackbox
- source_labels: [__param_target]
target_label: instance
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
target_label: kubernetes_namespace
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
target_label: kubernetes_name
- job_name: "kubernetes-pods"
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: pod
relabel_configs:
- action: drop
source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_container_init]
regex: true
- action: keep_if_equal
source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_port, __meta_kubernetes_pod_container_port_number]
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
action: keep
regex: true
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
action: replace
target_label: __metrics_path__
regex: (.+)
- source_labels:
[__address__, __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
action: replace
regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
replacement: $1:$2
target_label: __address__
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_(.+)
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
action: replace
target_label: kubernetes_namespace
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_name]
action: replace
target_label: kubernetes_pod_name
```
* By adding `remoteWriteUrls: - http://vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vminsert.default.svc.cluster.local:8480/insert/0/prometheus/` we configuring [vmagent](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent.html) to write scraped metrics into the `vmselect service`.
* The second part of this yaml file is needed to add the `metric_relabel_configs` section that helps us to show Kubernetes metrics on the Grafana dashboard.
Verify that `vmagent`'s pod is up and running by executing the following command:
<div class="with-copy" markdown="1">
```console
kubectl get pods | grep vmagent
```
</div>
The expected output is:
```console
vmagent-victoria-metrics-agent-69974b95b4-mhjph 1/1 Running 0 11m
```
## 4. Install and connect Grafana to VictoriaMetrics with Helm
Add the Grafana Helm repository.
<div class="with-copy" markdown="1">
```console
helm repo add grafana https://grafana.github.io/helm-charts
helm repo update
```
</div>
See more information on Grafana ArtifactHUB [https://artifacthub.io/packages/helm/grafana/grafana](https://artifacthub.io/packages/helm/grafana/grafana)
To install the chart with the release name `my-grafana`, add the VictoriaMetrics datasource with official dashboard and the Kubernetes dashboard:
<div class="with-copy" markdown="1">
```yaml
cat <<EOF | helm install my-grafana grafana/grafana -f -
datasources:
datasources.yaml:
apiVersion: 1
datasources:
- name: victoriametrics
type: prometheus
orgId: 1
url: http://vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vmselect.default.svc.cluster.local:8481/select/0/prometheus/
access: proxy
isDefault: true
updateIntervalSeconds: 10
editable: true
dashboardProviders:
dashboardproviders.yaml:
apiVersion: 1
providers:
- name: 'default'
orgId: 1
folder: ''
type: file
disableDeletion: true
editable: true
options:
path: /var/lib/grafana/dashboards/default
dashboards:
default:
victoriametrics:
gnetId: 11176
revision: 18
datasource: victoriametrics
vmagent:
gnetId: 12683
revision: 7
datasource: victoriametrics
kubernetes:
gnetId: 14205
revision: 1
datasource: victoriametrics
EOF
```
</div>
By running this command we:
* Install Grafana from the Helm repository.
* Provision a VictoriaMetrics data source with the url from the output above which we remembered.
* Add this [https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/11176/](https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/11176/) dashboard for [VictoriaMetrics Cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html).
* Add this [https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/12683/](https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/12683/) dashboard for [VictoriaMetrics Agent](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent.html).
* Add this [https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/14205-kubernetes-cluster-monitoring-via-prometheus/](https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/14205-kubernetes-cluster-monitoring-via-prometheus/) dashboard to see Kubernetes cluster metrics.
Please see the output log in your terminal. Copy, paste and run these commands.
The first one will show `admin` password for the Grafana admin.
The second and the third will forward Grafana to `127.0.0.1:3000`:
<div class="with-copy" markdown="1">
```console
kubectl get secret --namespace default my-grafana -o jsonpath="{.data.admin-password}" | base64 --decode ; echo
export POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods --namespace default -l "app.kubernetes.io/name=grafana,app.kubernetes.io/instance=my-grafana" -o jsonpath="{.items[0].metadata.name}")
kubectl --namespace default port-forward $POD_NAME 3000
```
</div>
## 5. Check the result you obtained in your browser
To check that [VictoriaMetrics](https://victoriametrics.com) collects metrics from k8s cluster open in browser [http://127.0.0.1:3000/dashboards](http://127.0.0.1:3000/dashboards) and choose the `Kubernetes Cluster Monitoring (via Prometheus)` dashboard. Use `admin` for login and `password` that you previously got from kubectl.
<p align="center">
<img src="k8s-monitoring-via-vm-cluster_dashes-agent.webp" width="800" alt="grafana dashboards">
</p>
You will see something like this:
<p align="center">
<img src="k8s-monitoring-via-vm-cluster_dashboard.webp" width="800" alt="Kubernetes metrics provided by vmcluster">
</p>
The VictoriaMetrics dashboard is also available to use:
<p align="center">
<img src="k8s-monitoring-via-vm-cluster_grafana-dash.webp" width="800" alt="VictoriaMetrics cluster dashboard">
</p>
vmagent has its own dashboard:
<p align="center">
<img src="k8s-monitoring-via-vm-cluster_vmagent-grafana-dash.webp" width="800" alt="vmagent dashboard">
</p>
## 6. Final thoughts
* We set up TimeSeries Database for your Kubernetes cluster.
* We collected metrics from all running pods,nodes, … and stored them in a VictoriaMetrics database.
* We visualized resources used in the Kubernetes cluster by using Grafana dashboards.
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