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VictoriaMetrics/docs/guides/k8s-ha-monitoring-via-vm-cluster.md

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# HA monitoring setup in Kubernetes via VictoriaMetrics Cluster
**The guide covers:**
* High availability monitoring via [VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html) in [Kubernetes](https://kubernetes.io/) with Helm charts
* How to store metrics
* How to scrape metrics from k8s components using a service discovery
* How to visualize stored data
* How to store metrics in [VictoriaMetrics](https://victoriametrics.com)
**Preconditions**
* [Kubernetes cluster 1.19.12-gke.2100](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine). We use GKE cluster from [GCP](https://cloud.google.com/) but this guide also applies to any Kubernetes cluster. For example, [Amazon EKS](https://aws.amazon.com/ru/eks/).
* [Helm 3 ](https://helm.sh/docs/intro/install)
* [kubectl 1.21](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/install-kubectl)
* [jq](https://stedolan.github.io/jq/download/) tool
## 1. VictoriaMetrics Helm repository
Please see the relevant [VictoriaMetrics Helm repository](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/guides/k8s-monitoring-via-vm-cluster.html#1-victoriametrics-helm-repository) section in previous guides.
## 2. Install VictoriaMetrics Cluster from the Helm chart
Execute the following command in your terminal:
<div class="with-copy" markdown="1">
```yaml
cat <<EOF | helm install vmcluster vm/victoria-metrics-cluster -f -
vmselect:
extraArgs:
dedup.minScrapeInterval: 1ms
replicationFactor: 2
podAnnotations:
prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
prometheus.io/port: "8481"
replicaCount: 3
vminsert:
extraArgs:
replicationFactor: 2
podAnnotations:
prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
prometheus.io/port: "8480"
replicaCount: 3
vmstorage:
podAnnotations:
prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
prometheus.io/port: "8482"
replicaCount: 3
EOF
```
</div>
* The `Helm install vmcluster vm/victoria-metrics-cluster` command installs [VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html) to the default [namespace](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/namespaces/).
* `dedup.minScrapeInterval: 1ms` configures [de-deplication](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/#deduplication) for the cluster that de-duplicates data points in the same time series if they fall within the same discrete 1s bucket. The earliest data point will be kept. In the case of equal timestamps, an arbitrary data point will be kept.
* `replicationFactor: 2` Replication factor for the ingested data, i.e. how many copies should be made among distinct `-storageNode` instances. If the replication factor is greater than one, the deduplication must be enabled on the remote storage side.
* `podAnnotations: prometheus.io/scrape: "true"` enables the scraping of metrics from the vmselect, vminsert and vmstorage pods.
* `podAnnotations:prometheus.io/port: "some_port" ` enables the scraping of metrics from the vmselect, vminsert and vmstorage pods from corresponding ports.
* `replicaCount: 3` creates three replicas of vmselect, vminsert and vmstorage.
The expected result of the command execution is the following:
```console
NAME: vmcluster
LAST DEPLOYED: Thu Jul 29 13:33:51 2021
NAMESPACE: default
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 1
TEST SUITE: None
NOTES:
Write API:
The VictoriaMetrics write api can be accessed via port 8480 via the following DNS name from within your cluster:
vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vminsert.default.svc.cluster.local
Get the VictoriaMetrics insert service URL by running these commands in the same shell:
export POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods --namespace default -l "app=vminsert" -o jsonpath="{.items[0].metadata.name}")
kubectl --namespace default port-forward $POD_NAME 8480
You need to update your Prometheus configuration file and add the following lines to it:
prometheus.yml
remote_write:
- url: "http://<insert-service>/insert/0/prometheus/"
for example - inside the Kubernetes cluster:
remote_write:
- url: "http://vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vminsert.default.svc.cluster.local:8480/insert/0/prometheus/"
Read API:
The VictoriaMetrics read api can be accessed via port 8481 with the following DNS name from within your cluster:
vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vmselect.default.svc.cluster.local
Get the VictoriaMetrics select service URL by running these commands in the same shell:
export POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods --namespace default -l "app=vmselect" -o jsonpath="{.items[0].metadata.name}")
kubectl --namespace default port-forward $POD_NAME 8481
You need to specify select service URL into your Grafana:
NOTE: you need to use the Prometheus Data Source
Input this URL field into Grafana
http://<select-service>/select/0/prometheus/
for example - inside the Kubernetes cluster:
http://vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vmselect.default.svc.cluster.local:8481/select/0/prometheus/"
```
Verify that the VictoriaMetrics cluster pods are up and running by executing the following command:
<div class="with-copy" markdown="1">
```console
kubectl get pods | grep vmcluster
```
</div>
The expected output is:
```console
vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vminsert-78b84d8cd9-4mh9d 1/1 Running 0 2m28s
vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vminsert-78b84d8cd9-4ppl7 1/1 Running 0 2m28s
vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vminsert-78b84d8cd9-782qk 1/1 Running 0 2m28s
vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vmselect-69c5f48bc6-4v4ws 1/1 Running 0 2m27s
vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vmselect-69c5f48bc6-kwc7q 1/1 Running 0 2m28s
vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vmselect-69c5f48bc6-v7pmk 1/1 Running 0 2m28s
vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vmstorage-0 1/1 Running 0 2m27s
vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vmstorage-1 1/1 Running 0 2m3s
vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vmstorage-2 1/1 Running 0 99s
```
## 3. Install vmagent from the Helm chart
To scrape metrics from Kubernetes with a VictoriaMetrics Cluster we will need to install [vmagent](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent.html) with some additional configurations. To do so, please run the following command:
<div class="with-copy" markdown="1">
```yaml
helm install vmagent vm/victoria-metrics-agent -f https://docs.victoriametrics.com/guides/guide-vmcluster-vmagent-values.yaml
```
</div>
Here is full file content `guide-vmcluster-vmagent-values.yaml`
```yaml
remoteWriteUrls:
- http://vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vminsert.default.svc.cluster.local:8480/insert/0/prometheus/
scrape_configs:
- job_name: vmagent
static_configs:
- targets: ["localhost:8429"]
- job_name: "kubernetes-apiservers"
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
scheme: https
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
insecure_skip_verify: true
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
relabel_configs:
- source_labels:
[
__meta_kubernetes_namespace,
__meta_kubernetes_service_name,
__meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name,
]
action: keep
regex: default;kubernetes;https
- job_name: "kubernetes-nodes"
scheme: https
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
insecure_skip_verify: true
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: node
relabel_configs:
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
- target_label: __address__
replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
regex: (.+)
target_label: __metrics_path__
replacement: /api/v1/nodes/$1/proxy/metrics
- job_name: "kubernetes-nodes-cadvisor"
scheme: https
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
insecure_skip_verify: true
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: node
relabel_configs:
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
- target_label: __address__
replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
regex: (.+)
target_label: __metrics_path__
replacement: /api/v1/nodes/$1/proxy/metrics/cadvisor
metric_relabel_configs:
- action: replace
source_labels: [pod]
regex: '(.+)'
target_label: pod_name
replacement: '${1}'
- action: replace
source_labels: [container]
regex: '(.+)'
target_label: container_name
replacement: '${1}'
- action: replace
target_label: name
replacement: k8s_stub
- action: replace
source_labels: [id]
regex: '^/system\.slice/(.+)\.service$'
target_label: systemd_service_name
replacement: '${1}'
```
* `remoteWriteUrls: - http://vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vminsert.default.svc.cluster.local:8480/insert/0/prometheus/` configures `vmagent` to write scraped metrics to the `vmselect service`.
* The `metric_relabel_configs` section allows you to process Kubernetes metrics for the Grafana dashboard.
Verify that `vmagent`'s pod is up and running by executing the following command:
<div class="with-copy" markdown="1">
```console
kubectl get pods | grep vmagent
```
</div>
The expected output is:
```console
vmagent-victoria-metrics-agent-57ddbdc55d-h4ljb 1/1 Running 0 13s
```
## 4. Verifying HA of VictoraMetrics Cluster
Run the following command to check that VictoriaMetrics services are up and running:
<div class="with-copy" markdown="1">
```console
kubectl get pods | grep victoria-metrics
```
</div>
The expected output is:
```console
vmagent-victoria-metrics-agent-57ddbdc55d-h4ljb 1/1 Running 0 75s
vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vminsert-78b84d8cd9-s8v7x 1/1 Running 0 89s
vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vminsert-78b84d8cd9-xlm9d 1/1 Running 0 89s
vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vminsert-78b84d8cd9-xqxrh 1/1 Running 0 89s
vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vmselect-69c5f48bc6-7dg95 1/1 Running 0 89s
vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vmselect-69c5f48bc6-ck7qb 1/1 Running 0 89s
vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vmselect-69c5f48bc6-jjqsl 1/1 Running 0 89s
vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vmstorage-0 1/1 Running 0 89s
vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vmstorage-1 1/1 Running 0 63s
vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vmstorage-2 1/1 Running 0 34s
```
To verify that metrics are present in the VictoriaMetrics send a curl request to the `vmselect` service from kubernetes or setup Grafana and check it via the web interface.
Run the following command to see the list of services:
<div class="with-copy" markdown="1">
```console
k get svc | grep vmselect
```
</div>
The expected output:
```console
vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vmselect ClusterIP 10.88.2.69 <none> 8481/TCP 1m
```
Run the following command to make `vmselect`'s port accessable from the local machine:
<div class="with-copy" markdown="1">
```console
kubectl port-forward svc/vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vmselect 8481:8481
```
</div>
Execute the following command to get metrics via `curl`:
```console
curl -sg 'http://127.0.0.1:8481/select/0/prometheus/api/v1/query_range?query=count(up{kubernetes_pod_name=~".*vmselect.*"})&start=-10m&step=1m' | jq
```
The expected output is:
```console
{
"status": "success",
"isPartial": false,
"data": {
"resultType": "matrix",
"result": [
{
"metric": {},
"values": [
[
1628065480.657,
"3"
],
[
1628065540.657,
"3"
],
[
1628065600.657,
"3"
],
[
1628065660.657,
"3"
],
[
1628065720.657,
"3"
],
[
1628065780.657,
"3"
],
[
1628065840.657,
"3"
]
]
}
]
}
}
```
* Query `http://127.0.0.1:8481/select/0/prometheus/api/v1/query_range` uses [VictoriaMetrics querying API](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html#url-format) to fetch previously stored data points;
* Argument `query=count(up{kubernetes_pod_name=~".*vmselect.*"})` specifies the query we want to execute. Specifically, we calculate the number of `vmselect` pods.
* Additional arguments `start=-10m&step=1m'` set requested time range from -10 minutes (10 minutes ago) to now (default value if `end` argument is omitted) and step (the distance between returned data points) of 1 minute;
* By adding `| jq` we pass the output to the jq utility which outputs information in json format
The expected result of the query `count(up{kubernetes_pod_name=~".*vmselect.*"})` should be equal to `3` - the number of replicas we set via `replicaCount` parameter.
To test via Grafana, we need to install it first. [Install and connect Grafana to VictoriaMetrics](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/guides/k8s-monitoring-via-vm-cluster.html#4-install-and-connect-grafana-to-victoriametrics-with-helm), login into Grafana and open the metrics [Explore](http://127.0.0.1:3000/explore) page.
<p align="center">
<img src="guide-vmcluster-k8s-ha-explore.png" width="800" alt="grafana explore">
</p>
Choose `victoriametrics` from the list of datasources and enter `count(up{kubernetes_pod_name=~".*vmselect.*"})` to the **Metric browser** field as shown on the screenshot, then press **Run query** button:
<p align="center">
<img src="guide-vmcluster-k8s-ha-explore-count-up.png" width="800" alt="">
</p>
The expected output is:
<p align="center">
<img src="guide-vmcluster-k8s-ha-explore-count-up-graph.png" width="800" alt="">
</p>
## 5. High Availability
To test if High Availability works, we need to shutdown one of the `vmstorages`. To do this, run the following command:
<div class="with-copy" markdown="1">
```console
kubectl scale sts vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vmstorage --replicas=2
```
</div>
Verify that now we have two running `vmstorages` in the cluster by executing the following command:
<div class="with-copy" markdown="1">
```console
kubectl get pods | grep vmstorage
```
</div>
The expected output is:
```console
vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vmstorage-0 1/1 Running 0 44m
vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vmstorage-1 1/1 Running 0 43m
```
Return to Grafana Explore and press the **Run query** button again.
The expected output is:
<p align="center">
<img src="guide-vmcluster-k8s-ha-explore-count-up-graph.png" width="800" alt="">
</p>
As you can see, after we scaled down the `vmstorage` replicas number from three to two pods, metrics are still available and correct. The response is not partial as it was before scaling. Also we see that query `count(up{kubernetes_pod_name=~".*vmselect.*"})` returns the same value as before.
To confirm that the number of `vmstorage` pods is equivalent to two, execute the following request in Grafana Explore:
<p align="center">
<img src="guide-vmcluster-k8s-ha-explore-count-up-graph2.png" width="800" alt="">
</p>
## 6. Final thoughts
* We set up VictoriaMetrics for Kubernetes cluster with HA.
* We collected metrics from running services and stored them in the VictoriaMetrics database.
* We configured `dedup.minScrapeInterval` and `replicationFactor: 2` for VictoriaMetrics cluster for high availability purposes.
* We tested and made sure that metrics are available even if one of `vmstorages` nodes was turned off.
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