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VictoriaMetrics/docs/VictoriaLogs/logsql-examples.md

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---
sort: 100
weight: 100
title: LogsQL examples
menu:
docs:
parent: "victorialogs"
weight: 100
---
# LogsQL examples
## How to select recently ingested logs?
[Run](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/querying/) the following query:
```logsql
_time:5m
```
It returns logs over the last 5 minutes by using [`_time` filter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#time-filter).
The logs are returned in arbitrary order because of performance reasons.
Add [`sort` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#sort-pipe) to the query if you need sorting
the returned logs by some field (usually [`_time` field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#time-field)):
```logsql
_time:5m | sort by (_time)
```
If the number of returned logs is too big, it may be limited with the [`limit` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#limit-pipe).
For example, the following query returns 10 most recent logs, which were ingested during the last 5 minutes:
```logsql
_time:5m | sort by (_time desc) | limit 10
```
See also:
- [How to count the number of matching logs?](#how-to-count-the-number-of-matching-logs)
- [How to return last N logs for the given query?](#how-to-return-last-n-logs-for-the-given-query)
## How to select logs with the given word in log message?
Just put the needed [word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word) in the query.
For example, the following query returns all the logs with the `error` [word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word)
in [log message](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#message-field):
```logsql
error
```
If the number of returned logs is too big, then add [`_time` filter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#time-filter)
for limiting the time range for the selected logs. For example, the following query returns logs with `error` [word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word)
over the last hour:
```logsql
error _time:1h
```
If the number of returned logs is still too big, then consider adding more specific [filters](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#filters)
to the query. For example, the following query selects logs with `error` [word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word),
which do not contain `kubernetes` [word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word), over the last hour:
```logsql
error !kubernetes _time:1h
```
The logs are returned in arbitrary order because of performance reasons. Add [`sort` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#sort-pipe)
for sorting logs by the needed [fields](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model). For example, the following query
sorts the selected logs by [`_time` field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#time-field):
```logsql
error _time:1h | sort by (_time)
```
See also:
- [How to select logs with all the given words in log message?](#how-to-select-logs-with-all-the-given-words-in-log-message)
- [How to select logs with some of the given words in log message?](#how-to-select-logs-with-some-of-the-given-words-in-log-message)
- [How to skip logs with the given word in log message?](#how-to-skip-logs-with-the-given-word-in-log-message)
- [Filtering by phrase](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#phrase-filter)
- [Filtering by prefix](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#prefix-filter)
- [Filtering by regular expression](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#regexp-filter)
- [Filtering by substring](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#substring-filter)
## How to skip logs with the given word in log message?
Use [`NOT` logical filter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#logical-filter). For example, the following query returns all the logs
without the `INFO` [word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word) in the [log message](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#message-field):
```logsql
!INFO
```
If the number of returned logs is too big, then add [`_time` filter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#time-filter)
for limiting the time range for the selected logs. For example, the following query returns matching logs over the last hour:
```logsql
!INFO _time:1h
```
If the number of returned logs is still too big, then consider adding more specific [filters](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#filters)
to the query. For example, the following query selects logs without `INFO` [word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word),
which contain `error` [word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word), over the last hour:
```logsql
!INFO error _time:1h
```
The logs are returned in arbitrary order because of performance reasons. Add [`sort` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#sort-pipe)
for sorting logs by the needed [fields](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model). For example, the following query
sorts the selected logs by [`_time` field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#time-field):
```logsql
!INFO _time:1h | sort by (_time)
```
See also:
- [How to select logs with all the given words in log message?](#how-to-select-logs-with-all-the-given-words-in-log-message)
- [How to select logs with some of given words in log message?](#how-to-select-logs-with-some-of-the-given-words-in-log-message)
- [Filtering by phrase](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#phrase-filter)
- [Filtering by prefix](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#prefix-filter)
- [Filtering by regular expression](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#regexp-filter)
- [Filtering by substring](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#substring-filter)
## How to select logs with all the given words in log message?
Just enumerate the needed [words](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word) in the query, by deliming them with whitespace.
For example, the following query selects logs containing both `error` and `kubernetes` [words](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word)
in the [log message](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#message-field):
```logsql
error kubernetes
```
This query uses [`AND` logical filter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#logical-filter).
If the number of returned logs is too big, then add [`_time` filter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#time-filter)
for limiting the time range for the selected logs. For example, the following query returns matching logs over the last hour:
```logsql
error kubernetes _time:1h
```
If the number of returned logs is still too big, then consider adding more specific [filters](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#filters)
to the query. For example, the following query selects logs with `error` and `kubernetes` [words](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word)
from [log streams](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#stream-fields) containing `container="my-app"` field, over the last hour:
```logsql
error kubernetes _stream:{container="my-app"} _time:1h
```
The logs are returned in arbitrary order because of performance reasons. Add [`sort` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#sort-pipe)
for sorting logs by the needed [fields](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model). For example, the following query
sorts the selected logs by [`_time` field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#time-field):
```logsql
error kubernetes _time:1h | sort by (_time)
```
See also:
- [How to select logs with some of given words in log message?](#how-to-select-logs-with-some-of-the-given-words-in-log-message)
- [How to skip logs with the given word in log message?](#how-to-skip-logs-with-the-given-word-in-log-message)
- [Filtering by phrase](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#phrase-filter)
- [Filtering by prefix](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#prefix-filter)
- [Filtering by regular expression](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#regexp-filter)
- [Filtering by substring](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#substring-filter)
## How to select logs with some of the given words in log message?
Put the needed [words](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word) into `(...)`, by delimiting them with ` or `.
For example, the following query selects logs with `error`, `ERROR` or `Error` [words](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word)
in the [log message](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#message-field):
```logsql
(error or ERROR or Error)
```
This query uses [`OR` logical filter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#logical-filter).
If the number of returned logs is too big, then add [`_time` filter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#time-filter)
for limiting the time range for the selected logs. For example, the following query returns matching logs over the last hour:
```logsql
(error or ERROR or Error) _time:1h
```
If the number of returned logs is still too big, then consider adding more specific [filters](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#filters)
to the query. For example, the following query selects logs without `error`, `ERROR` or `Error` [words](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word),
which do not contain `kubernetes` [word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word), over the last hour:
```logsql
(error or ERROR or Error) !kubernetes _time:1h
```
The logs are returned in arbitrary order because of performance reasons. Add [`sort` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#sort-pipe)
for sorting logs by the needed [fields](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model). For example, the following query
sorts the selected logs by [`_time` field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#time-field):
```logsql
(error or ERROR or Error) _time:1h | sort by (_time)
```
See also:
- [How to select logs with all the given words in log message?](#how-to-select-logs-with-all-the-given-words-in-log-message)
- [How to skip logs with the given word in log message?](#how-to-skip-logs-with-the-given-word-in-log-message)
- [Filtering by phrase](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#phrase-filter)
- [Filtering by prefix](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#prefix-filter)
- [Filtering by regular expression](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#regexp-filter)
- [Filtering by substring](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#substring-filter)
## How to select logs from the given application instance?
Make sure the application is properly configured with [stream-level log fields](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#stream-fields).
Then just use [`_stream` filter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#stream-filter) for selecting logs for the given application instance.
For example, if the application contains `job="app-42"` and `instance="host-123:5678"` [stream fields](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#stream-fields),
then the following query selects all the logs from this application:
```logsql
_stream:{job="app-42",instance="host-123:5678"}
```
If the number of returned logs is too big, it is recommended adding [`_time` filter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#time-filter)
to the query in order to reduce the number of matching logs. For example, the following query returns logs for the given application for the last day:
```logsql
_stream:{job="app-42",instance="host-123:5678"} _time:1d
```
If the number of returned logs is still too big, then consider adding more specific [filters](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#filters)
to the query. For example, the following query selects logs from the given [log stream](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#stream-fields),
which contain `error` [word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word) in the [log message](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#message-field),
over the last day:
```logsql
_stream:{job="app-42",instance="host-123:5678"} error _time:1d
```
The logs are returned in arbitrary order because of performance reasons. Use [`sort` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#sort-pipe)
for sorting the returned logs by the needed fields. For example, the following query sorts the selected logs
by [`_time`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#time-field):
```logsql
_stream:{job="app-42",instance="host-123:5678"} _time:1d | sort by (_time)
```
See also:
- [How to determine applications with the most logs?](#how-to-determine-applications-with-the-most-logs)
- [How to skip logs with the given word in log message?](#how-to-skip-logs-with-the-given-word-in-log-message)
## How to count the number of matching logs?
Use [`count()` stats function](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#count-stats). For example, the following query returns
the number of results returned by `your_query_here`:
```logsql
your_query_here | count()
```
## How to determine applications with the most logs?
[Run](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/querying/) the following query:
```logsql
_time:5m | stats by (_stream) count() as logs | sort by (logs desc) | limit 10
```
This query returns top 10 application instances (aka [log streams](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#stream-fields))
with the most logs over the last 5 minutes.
This query uses the following [LogsQL](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/) features:
- [`_time` filter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#time-filter) for selecting logs on the given time range (5 minutes in the query above).
- [`stats` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#stats-pipe) for calculating the number of logs.
per each [`_stream`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#stream-fields). [`count` stats function](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#count-stats)
is used for calculating the needed stats.
- [`sort` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#sort-pipe) for sorting the stats by `logs` field in descending order.
- [`limit` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#limit-pipe) for limiting the number of returned results to 10.
This query can be simplified into the following one, which uses [`top` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#top-pipe):
```logsql
_time:5m | top 10 by (_stream)
```
See also:
- [How to filter out data after stats calculation?](#how-to-filter-out-data-after-stats-calculation)
- [How to calculate the number of logs per the given interval?](#how-to-calculate-the-number-of-logs-per-the-given-interval)
- [How to select logs from the given application instance?](#how-to-select-logs-from-the-given-application-instance)
## How to parse JSON inside log message?
It is better from performance and resource usage PoV to avoid storing JSON inside [log message](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#message-field).
It is recommended storing individual JSON fields as log fields instead according to [VictoriaLogs data model](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model).
If you have to store JSON inside log message or inside any other [log fields](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model),
then the stored JSON can be parsed during query time via [`unpack_json` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#unpack_json-pipe).
For example, the following query unpacks JSON from the [`_msg` field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#message-field)
across all the logs for the last 5 minutes:
```logsql
_time:5m | unpack_json
```
If you need to parse JSON array, then take a look at [`unroll` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#unroll-pipe).
## How to extract some data from text log message?
Use [`extract`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#extract-pipe) or [`extract_regexp`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#extract_regexp-pipe) pipe.
For example, the following query extracts `username` and `user_id` fields from text [log message](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#message-field):
```logsql
_time:5m | extract "username=<username>, user_id=<user_id>,"
```
See also:
- [Replacing substrings in text fields](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#replace-pipe)
## How to filter out data after stats calculation?
Use [`filter` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#filter-pipe). For example, the following query
returns only [log streams](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#stream-fields) with more than 1000 logs
over the last 5 minutes:
```logsql
_time:5m | stats by (_stream) count() rows | filter rows:>1000
```
## How to calculate the number of logs per the given interval?
Use [`stats` by time bucket](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#stats-by-time-buckets). For example, the following query
returns per-hour number of logs with the `error` [word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word) for the last day:
```logsql
_time:1d error | stats by (_time:1h) count() rows | sort by (_time)
```
This query uses [`sort` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#sort-pipe) in order to sort per-hour stats
by [`_time`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#time-field).
## How to calculate the number of logs per IPv4 subnetwork?
Use [`stats` by IPv4 bucket](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#stats-by-ipv4-buckets). For example, the following
query returns top 10 `/24` subnetworks with the biggest number of logs for the last 5 minutes:
```logsql
_time:5m | stats by (ip:/24) count() rows | sort by (rows desc) limit 10
```
This query uses [`sort` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#sort-pipe) in order to sort per-subnetwork stats
by descending number of rows and limiting the result to top 10 rows.
The query assumes the original logs have `ip` [field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model) with the IPv4 address.
If the IPv4 address is located inside [log message](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#message-field) or any other text field,
then it can be extracted with the [`extract`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#extract-pipe)
or [`extract_regexp`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#extract_regexp-pipe) pipes. For example, the following query
extracts IPv4 address from [`_msg` field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#message-field) and then returns top 10
`/16` subnetworks with the biggest number of logs for the last 5 minutes:
```logsql
_time:5m | extract_regexp "(?P<ip>([0-9]+[.]){3}[0-9]+)" | stats by (ip:/16) count() rows | sort by (rows desc) limit 10
```
## How to calculate the number of logs per every value of the given field?
Use [`stats` by field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#stats-by-fields). For example, the following query
calculates the number of logs per `level` [field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#data-model) for logs over the last 5 minutes:
```logsql
_time:5m | stats by (level) count() rows
```
An alternative is to use [`field_values` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#field_values-pipe):
```logsql
_time:5m | field_values level
```
## How to get unique values for the given field?
Use [`uniq` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#uniq-pipe). For example, the following query returns unique values for the `ip` field
over logs for the last 5 minutes:
```logsql
_time:5m | uniq by (ip)
```
## How to get unique sets of values for the given fields?
Use [`uniq` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#uniq-pipe). For example, the following query returns unique sets for (`host`, `path`) fields
over logs for the last 5 minutes:
```logsql
_time:5m | uniq by (host, path)
```
## How to return last N logs for the given query?
Use [`sort` pipe with limit](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#sort-pipe). For example, the following query returns the last 10 logs with the `error`
[word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word) in the [`_msg` field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#message-field)
over the logs for the last 5 minutes:
```logsql
_time:5m error | sort by (_time desc) limit 10
```
It sorts the matching logs by [`_time` field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#time-field) in descending order and then selects
the first 10 logs with the highest values for the `_time` field.
If the query is sent to [`/select/logsql/query` HTTP API](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/querying/#querying-logs), then `limit=N` query arg
can be passed to it in order to return up to `N` latest log entries. For example, the following command returns up to 10 latest log entries with the `error` word:
```sh
curl http://localhost:9428/select/logsql/query -d 'query=error' -d 'limit=10'
```
See also:
- [How to select recently ingested logs?](#how-to-select-recently-ingested-logs)
- [How to return last N logs for the given query?](#how-to-return-last-n-logs-for-the-given-query)
## How to calculate the share of error logs to the total number of logs?
Use the following query:
```logsql
_time:5m | stats count() logs, count() if (error) errors | math errors / logs
```
This query uses the following [LogsQL](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/) features:
- [`_time` filter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#time-filter) for selecting logs on the given time range (last 5 minutes in the query above).
- [`stats` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#stats-pipe) with [additional filtering](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#stats-with-additional-filters)
for calculating the total number of logs and the number of logs with the `error` [word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word) on the selected time range.
- [`math` pipe](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#math-pipe) for calculating the share of logs with `error` [word](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#word)
comparing to the total number of logs.
## How to select logs for working hours and weekdays?
Use [`day_range`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#day-range-filter) and [`week_range`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#week-range-filter) filters.
For example, the following query selects logs from Monday to Friday in working hours `[08:00 - 18:00]` over the last 4 weeks:
```logsql
_time:4w _time:week_range[Mon, Fri] _time:day_range[08:00, 18:00)
```
It uses implicit [`AND` logical filter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#logical-filter) for joining multiple filters
on [`_time` field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#time-field).
## How to find logs with the given phrase containing whitespace?
Use [`phrase filter`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/#phrase-filter). For example, the following [LogsQL query](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/logsql/)
returns logs with the `cannot open file` phrase over the last 5 minutes:
```logsql
_time:5m "cannot open file"
```
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