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Quick start
Operator serves to make running VictoriaMetrics applications on top of Kubernetes as easy as possible while preserving Kubernetes-native configuration options.
Installing by Manifest
Obtain release from releases page: https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/operator/releases
We suggest use the latest release.
# Get latest release version from https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/operator/releases/latest
export VM_VERSION=`basename $(curl -fs -o/dev/null -w %{redirect_url} https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/operator/releases/latest)`
wget https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/operator/releases/download/$VM_VERSION/bundle_crd.zip
unzip bundle_crd.zip
TIP, operator use monitoring-system namespace, but you can install it to specific namespace with command sed -i "s/namespace: monitoring-system/namespace: YOUR_NAMESPACE/g" release/operator/*
First of all, you have to create custom resource definitions
kubectl apply -f release/crds
Then you need RBAC for operator, relevant configuration for the release can be found at release/operator/rbac.yaml
Change configuration for operator at release/operator/manager.yaml, possible settings: operator-settings
and apply it:
kubectl apply -f release/operator/
Check the status of operator
kubectl get pods -n monitoring-system
#NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
#vm-operator-667dfbff55-cbvkf 1/1 Running 0 101s
Installing by Kustomize
You can install operator using Kustomize by pointing to the remote kustomization file.
# Get latest release version from https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/operator/releases/latest
export VM_VERSION=`basename $(curl -fs -o/dev/null -w %{redirect_url} https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/operator/releases/latest)`
cat << EOF > kustomization.yaml
apiVersion: kustomize.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Kustomization
resources:
- github.com/VictoriaMetrics/operator/config/default?ref=${VM_VERSION}
images:
- name: victoriametrics/operator
newTag: ${VM_VERSION}
EOF
You can change operator-settings, or use your custom namespace see kustomize-example.
Build template
kustomize build . -o monitoring.yaml
Apply manifests
kubectl apply -f monitoring.yaml
Check the status of operator
kubectl get pods -n monitoring-system
#NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
#vm-operator-667dfbff55-cbvkf 1/1 Running 0 101s
Installing to ARM
There is no need in an additional configuration for ARM. Operator and VictoriaMetrics have full support for it.
Create related resources
The VictoriaMetrics Operator introduces additional resources in Kubernetes to declare the desired state of a Victoria Metrics applications and Alertmanager cluster as well as the Prometheus resources configuration. The resources it introduces are:
- VMSingle
- VMCluster
- VMAgent
- VMAlert
- VMAlertmanager
- VMServiceScrape
- VMRule
- VMPodScrape
- VMProbe
- VMStaticScrape
- VMAuth
- VMUser
- [Selectors](#Object selectors)
VMSingle
VMSingle represents database for storing metrics, for all possible config options check api doc:
cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMSingle
metadata:
name: example-vmsingle-persisted
spec:
retentionPeriod: "1"
removePvcAfterDelete: true
storage:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 1Gi
EOF
Configuration can be extended with extraFlags and extraEnv, check flag documentation at doc for instance:
cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMSingle
metadata:
name: example-vmsingle-persisted
spec:
retentionPeriod: "1"
extraArgs:
dedup.minScrapeInterval: 60s
EOF
Flag can be replaced with envVar, it's useful for retrieving value from secret:
cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMSingle
metadata:
name: example-vmsingle-persisted
spec:
retentionPeriod: "1"
extraEnvs:
- name: DEDUP_MINSCRAPEINTERVAL
valueFrom:
secretKeyRef:
name: vm-secret
key: dedup
EOF
VMCluster
VMCluster represent a high-available and fault-tolerant version of VictoriaMetrics database. For minimal version without persistent create simple custom resource definition:
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMCluster
metadata:
name: example-vmcluster
spec:
# Add fields here
retentionPeriod: "1"
vmstorage:
replicaCount: 2
vmselect:
replicaCount: 2
vminsert:
replicaCount: 2
EOF
For persistent it recommends adding persistent storage to vmstorage and vmselect:
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMCluster
metadata:
name: example-vmcluster-persistent
spec:
# Add fields here
retentionPeriod: "4"
replicationFactor: 2
vmstorage:
replicaCount: 2
storageDataPath: "/vm-data"
storage:
volumeClaimTemplate:
spec:
storageClassName: standard
resources:
requests:
storage: 10Gi
resources:
limits:
cpu: "0.5"
memory: 500Mi
vmselect:
replicaCount: 2
cacheMountPath: "/select-cache"
storage:
volumeClaimTemplate:
spec:
resources:
requests:
storage: 2Gi
resources:
limits:
cpu: "0.3"
memory: "300Mi"
vminsert:
replicaCount: 2
EOF
You may also create cluster version with external vmstorage
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
---
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMCluster
metadata:
name: example-vmcluster
spec:
# Add fields here
retentionPeriod: "1"
vmselect:
replicaCount: 2
extraArgs:
storageNode: "node-1:8401,node-2:8401"
vminsert:
replicaCount: 2
extraArgs:
storageNode: "node-1:8401,node-2:8401"
EOF
VMAgent
VMAgent - is a tiny but brave agent, which helps you collect metrics from various sources and stores them in VictoriaMetrics.
It requires access to Kubernetes API and you can create RBAC for it first, it can be found at release/examples/VMAgent_rbac.yaml
Or you can use default rbac account, that will be created for VMAgent by operator automatically.
kubectl apply -f release/examples/vmagent_rbac.yaml
Modify VMAgent config parameters at release/examples/vmagent.yaml and apply it, config options doc
Example:
cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMAgent
metadata:
name: example-vmagent
spec:
selectAllByDefault: true
replicaCount: 1
remoteWrite:
- url: "http://vmsingle-example-vmsingle-persisted.default.svc:8429/api/v1/write"
EOF
For connecting VMAgent to cluster, you have to specify url for it, check url building doc
Example:
cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMAgent
metadata:
name: example-vmagent
spec:
selectAllByDefault: true
replicaCount: 1
remoteWrite:
- url: "http://vminsert-example-vmcluster.default.svc.cluster.local:8480/insert/0/prometheus/api/v1/write"
EOF
VMAlertmanager
VMAlertmanager - represents alertmanager configuration, first, you have to create secret with a configuration for it.
If there is no secret, default secret will be created with predefined content. It is possible to provide raw yaml config
to the alertmanager.
VMAlertmanager has exactly the same logic for filtering VMAlertmanagerConfig with spec.configSelector and spec.configNamespaceSelector
as VMAgent does:
spec.configNamespaceSelector- if its nil, onlyVMAlertmanagerConfigs in theVMAlertmanagernamespace can be selected. If it's defined with empty value:spec.configNamespaceSelector: {}- all namespaces are matched. You may also add matchLabels or matchExpression syntax, but your namespace must be tagged with specified labels first:
spec.configNamespaceSelector:
matchLabels:
name: default
spec.configSelector- it selectsVMAlertmanagerConfigobjects by its labels. If it's nil, butspec.configNamespaceSelectorisn't, the last one will be used for selecting. If it's defined with empty value:spec.configSelector: {}, all objects depending on NamespaceSelector.
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: alertmanager-config
stringData:
alertmanager.yaml: |
global:
resolve_timeout: 5m
route:
group_by: ['job']
group_wait: 30s
group_interval: 5m
repeat_interval: 12h
receiver: 'webhook'
receivers:
- name: 'webhook'
webhook_configs:
- url: 'http://alertmanagerwh:30500/'
EOF
Then add Alertmanager object, other config options at doc
you have to set configSecret with name of secret, that we created before - alertmanager-config.
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMAlertmanager
metadata:
name: example-alertmanager
spec:
# Add fields here
replicaCount: 1
configSecret: alertmanager-config
selectAllByDefault: true
EOF
Alertmanager config with raw yaml configuration, use it with care about secret information:
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMAlertmanager
metadata:
name: example-alertmanager-raw-config
spec:
# Add fields here
replicaCount: 1
configSecret: alertmanager-config
configRawYaml: |
global:
resolve_timeout: 5m
route:
group_wait: 30s
group_interval: 5m
repeat_interval: 12h
receiver: 'webhook'
receivers:
- name: 'webhook'
webhook_configs:
- url: 'http://localhost:30502/'
EOF
VMAlertmanagerConfig
VMAlertmanagerConfig allows managing VMAlertmanager configuration.
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMAlertmanagerConfig
metadata:
name: example
namespace: default
spec:
inhibit_rules:
- equals: []
target_matchers: []
source_matchers: []
route:
routes:
- receiver: webhook
continue: true
receiver: email
group_by: []
continue: false
matchers:
- job = "alertmanager"
group_wait: 30s
group_interval: 45s
repeat_interval: 1h
mute_time_intervals:
- name: base
time_intervals:
- times:
- start_time: ""
end_time: ""
weekdays: []
days_of_month: []
months: []
years: []
receivers:
email_configs: []
webhook_configs:
- url: http://some-other-wh
pagerduty_configs: []
pushover_configs: []
slack_configs: []
opsgenie_configs: []
victorops_configs: []
wechat_configs: []
EOF
VMAlert
VMAlert - executes a list of given alerting or recording rules against configured address. It
has few required config options - datasource and notifier are required, for other config parameters check doc.
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMAlert
metadata:
name: example-vmalert
spec:
replicaCount: 1
datasource:
url: "http://vmsingle-example-vmsingle-persisted.default.svc:8429"
notifier:
url: "http://vmalertmanager-example-alertmanager.default.svc:9093"
evaluationInterval: "30s"
selectAllByDefault: true
EOF
VMServiceScrape
It generates part of VMAgent configuration with Endpoint kubernetes_sd role for service discovery targets
by corresponding Service and it's Endpoints.
It has various options for scraping configuration of target (with basic auth,tls access, by specific port name etc).
Let's make some demo, you have to deploy VMAgent and VMSingle from previous step with match any selectors:
cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMSingle
metadata:
name: example-vmsingle-persisted
spec:
retentionPeriod: "1"
removePvcAfterDelete: true
storage:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 1Gi
---
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMAgent
metadata:
name: example-vmagent
spec:
selectAllByDefault: true
replicaCount: 1
remoteWrite:
- url: "http://vmsingle-example-vmsingle-persisted.default.svc:8429/api/v1/write"
EOF
Then deploy three instances of a simple example application, which listens and exposes metrics on port 8080.
cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: example-app
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: example-app
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: example-app
spec:
containers:
- name: example-app
image: fabxc/instrumented_app
ports:
- name: web
containerPort: 8080
EOF
Check status for pods:
kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
example-app-594f97677c-g72v8 1/1 Running 0 23s
example-app-594f97677c-kn66h 1/1 Running 0 20s
example-app-594f97677c-l8xfd 1/1 Running 0 17s
vm-operator-646df47888-jvfvj 1/1 Running 0 63m
vmagent-example-vmagent-5777fdf7bf-tctcv 2/2 Running 1 34m
vmalertmanager-example-alertmanager-0 2/2 Running 0 11m
vmsingle-example-vmsingle-persisted-794b59ccc6-fnkpt 1/1 Running 0 36m
Checking logs for VMAgent:
kubectl logs vmagent-example-vmagent-5777fdf7bf-tctcv vmagent
2020-08-02T18:18:17.226Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmagent/remotewrite/remotewrite.go:98 Successfully reloaded relabel configs
2020-08-02T18:18:17.229Z info VictoriaMetrics/lib/promscrape/scraper.go:137 found changes in "/etc/vmagent/config_out/vmagent.env.yaml"; applying these changes
2020-08-02T18:18:17.289Z info VictoriaMetrics/lib/promscrape/scraper.go:303 kubernetes_sd_configs: added targets: 2, removed targets: 0; total targets: 2
By default, operator creates VMServiceScrape for its components, so we have 2 targets - VMAgent and VMSingle.
Let's add monitoring to our application:
First we add the Service for application:
cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: example-app
labels:
app: example-app
spec:
selector:
app: example-app
ports:
- name: web
port: 8080
EOF
VMServiceScrape has a label selector to select Services and their underlying Endpoint objects.
Service object for the example application selects the Pods by the app label having the example-app value.
Service object also specifies the port on which the metrics exposed.
The final part, add VMServiceScrape:
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMServiceScrape
metadata:
name: example-app
labels:
team: frontend
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: example-app
endpoints:
- port: web
EOF
The VMServiceScrape has no labels, but it will be selected by VMAgent, because we are launched VMAgent with empty selector.
Let's check VMAgent logs (you have to wait some time for config sync, usually its around 1 min):
kubectl logs vmagent-example-vmagent-5777fdf7bf-tctcv vmagent --tail 100
2020-08-03T08:24:13.312Z info VictoriaMetrics/lib/promscrape/scraper.go:106 SIGHUP received; reloading Prometheus configs from "/etc/vmagent/config_out/vmagent.env.yaml"
2020-08-03T08:24:13.312Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmagent/remotewrite/remotewrite.go:98 Successfully reloaded relabel configs
2020-08-03T08:24:13.315Z info VictoriaMetrics/lib/promscrape/scraper.go:137 found changes in "/etc/vmagent/config_out/vmagent.env.yaml"; applying these changes
2020-08-03T08:24:13.418Z info VictoriaMetrics/lib/promscrape/scraper.go:303 kubernetes_sd_configs: added targets: 3, removed targets: 0; total targets: 5
3 new targets added by a config reload.
VMPodScrape
It generates config part of VMAgent with kubernetes_sd role pod, that would match all pods having specific labels and ports.
It has various options for scraping configuration of target (with basic auth,tls access, by specific port name etc).
Add VMAgent and Example app from step above and continue this step.
Let's add 2 new pods:
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
labels:
app: example-pod
owner: dev
env: test
name: example-app-pod-0
spec:
containers:
- image: fabxc/instrumented_app
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
name: example-app
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
name: web
protocol: TCP
resources: {}
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
labels:
app: example-pod-scrape
owner: dev
env: dev
name: example-app-pod-1
spec:
containers:
- image: fabxc/instrumented_app
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
name: example-app
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
name: web
protocol: TCP
resources: {}
EOF
Ensure, that pods started:
kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
example-app-594f97677c-g72v8 1/1 Running 0 3m40s
example-app-594f97677c-kn66h 1/1 Running 0 3m37s
example-app-594f97677c-l8xfd 1/1 Running 0 3m34s
example-app-pod-0 1/1 Running 0 14s
example-app-pod-1 1/1 Running 0 14s
vm-operator-646df47888-jvfvj 1/1 Running 0 67m
vmagent-example-vmagent-5777fdf7bf-tctcv 2/2 Running 1 37m
vmalertmanager-example-alertmanager-0 2/2 Running 0 14m
vmsingle-example-vmsingle-persisted-794b59ccc6-fnkpt 1/1 Running 0 40m
These pods have the same label owner: dev and port named web, so we can select them by VMPodScrape with matchLabels expression:
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMPodScrape
metadata:
name: example-pod-scrape
spec:
podMetricsEndpoints:
- port: web
scheme: http
selector:
matchLabels:
owner: dev
EOF
Lets check VMAgent logs:
kubectl logs vmagent-example-vmagent-5777fdf7bf-tctcv vmagent --tail 100
2020-08-03T08:51:13.582Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmagent/remotewrite/remotewrite.go:98 Successfully reloaded relabel configs
2020-08-03T08:51:13.585Z info VictoriaMetrics/lib/promscrape/scraper.go:137 found changes in "/etc/vmagent/config_out/vmagent.env.yaml"; applying these changes
2020-08-03T08:51:13.652Z info VictoriaMetrics/lib/promscrape/scraper.go:303 kubernetes_sd_configs: added targets: 2, removed targets: 0; total targets: 7
2 new target was added.
VMRule
It generates VMAlert config with ruleset defined at VMRule spec.
Lets create VMAlert with selector for VMRule with label project=devops.
You also need datasource from previous step VMSingle and VMAgent connected to it.
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMAlert
metadata:
name: example-vmalert
spec:
replicaCount: 1
datasource:
url: "http://vmsingle-example-vmsingle-persisted.default.svc:8429"
notifier:
url: "http://vmalertmanager-example-alertmanager.default.svc:9093"
evaluationInterval: "30s"
ruleSelector:
matchLabels:
project: devops
EOF
Ensure, that it started and ready:
kubectl get pods -l app.kubernetes.io/name=vmalert
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
vmalert-example-vmalert-6f8748c6f9-hcfrr 2/2 Running 0 2m26s
kubectl logs vmalert-example-vmalert-6f8748c6f9-hcfrr vmalert
2020-08-03T08:52:21.990Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/manager.go:83 reading rules configuration file from "/etc/vmalert/config/vm-example-vmalert-rulefiles-0/*.yaml"
2020-08-03T08:52:21.992Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/group.go:153 group "vmAlertGroup" started with interval 30s
2020-08-03T08:52:21.992Z info VictoriaMetrics/lib/httpserver/httpserver.go:76 starting http server at http://:8080/
2020-08-03T08:52:21.993Z info VictoriaMetrics/lib/httpserver/httpserver.go:77 pprof handlers are exposed at http://:8080/debug/pprof/
VMAlert shipped with default rule vmAlertGroup
Let's add simple rule for VMAlert itself, delta(vmalert_config_last_reload_errors_total[5m]) > 1
cat << 'EOF' | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMRule
metadata:
name: example-vmrule-reload-config
labels:
project: devops
spec:
groups:
- name: vmalert
rules:
- alert: vmalert config reload error
expr: delta(vmalert_config_last_reload_errors_total[5m]) > 0
for: 10s
labels:
severity: major
job: "{{ $labels.job }}"
annotations:
value: "{{ $value }}"
description: 'error reloading vmalert config, reload count for 5 min {{ $value }}'
EOF
Ensure, that new alert was started:
kubectl logs vmalert-example-vmalert-6f8748c6f9-hcfrr vmalert
2020-08-03T09:07:49.772Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/web.go:45 api config reload was called, sending sighup
2020-08-03T09:07:49.772Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/main.go:115 SIGHUP received. Going to reload rules ["/etc/vmalert/config/vm-example-vmalert-rulefiles-0/*.yaml"] ...
2020-08-03T09:07:49.772Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/manager.go:83 reading rules configuration file from "/etc/vmalert/config/vm-example-vmalert-rulefiles-0/*.yaml"
2020-08-03T09:07:49.773Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/group.go:169 group "vmAlertGroup": received stop signal
2020-08-03T09:07:49.773Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/main.go:124 Rules reloaded successfully from ["/etc/vmalert/config/vm-example-vmalert-rulefiles-0/*.yaml"]
2020-08-03T09:07:49.773Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/group.go:153 group "vmalert" started with interval 30s
Let's trigger it by adding some incorrect rule
cat << 'EOF' | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMRule
metadata:
name: example-vmrule-incorrect-rule
labels:
project: devops
spec:
groups:
- name: incorrect rule
rules:
- alert: vmalert bad config
expr: bad expression
for: 10s
labels:
severity: major
annotations:
value: "{{ $badValue | bad function }}"
EOF
VMAlert will report incorrect rule config and fire alert:
2020-08-03T09:11:40.672Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/main.go:115 SIGHUP received. Going to reload rules ["/etc/vmalert/config/vm-example-vmalert-rulefiles-0/*.yaml"] ...
2020-08-03T09:11:40.672Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/manager.go:83 reading rules configuration file from "/etc/vmalert/config/vm-example-vmalert-rulefiles-0/*.yaml"
2020-08-03T09:11:40.673Z error VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/main.go:119 error while reloading rules: cannot parse configuration file: invalid group "incorrect rule" in file "/etc/vmalert/config/vm-example-vmalert-rulefiles-0/default-example-vmrule-incorrect-rule.yaml": invalid rule "incorrect rule"."vmalert bad config": invalid expression: unparsed data left: "expression"
Clean up incorrect rule:
kubectl delete vmrule example-vmrule-incorrect-rule
VMNodeScrape
VMNodeScrape is useful for node exporters monitoring, lets create scraper for cadvisor metrics:
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMNodeScrape
metadata:
name: cadvisor-metrics
spec:
scheme: "https"
tlsConfig:
insecureSkipVerify: true
caFile: "/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt"
bearerTokenFile: "/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token"
relabelConfigs:
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
- targetLabel: __address__
replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
- sourceLabels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
regex: (.+)
targetLabel: __metrics_path__
replacement: /api/v1/nodes/$1/proxy/metrics/cadvisor
EOF
VMProbe
VMProbe required VMAgent and some external prober, blackbox exporter in our case. Ensure that you have VMAgent and VMSingle:
cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMSingle
metadata:
name: example-vmsingle-persisted
spec:
retentionPeriod: "1"
removePvcAfterDelete: true
storage:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 1Gi
---
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMAgent
metadata:
name: example-vmagent
spec:
selectAllByDefault: true
replicaCount: 1
remoteWrite:
- url: "http://vmsingle-example-vmsingle-persisted.default.svc:8429/api/v1/write"
EOF
Then add BlackBox exporter with simple config:
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
labels:
app: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
data:
blackbox.yaml: |
modules:
http_2xx:
http:
preferred_ip_protocol: ip4
valid_http_versions:
- HTTP/1.1
- HTTP/2.0
valid_status_codes: []
prober: http
timeout: 5s
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
labels:
app: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
spec:
type: ClusterIP
ports:
- name: http
port: 9115
protocol: TCP
selector:
app: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
labels:
app: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
spec:
containers:
- name: blackbox-exporter
image: "prom/blackbox-exporter:v0.17.0"
args:
- "--config.file=/config/blackbox.yaml"
resources:
{}
ports:
- containerPort: 9115
name: http
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /health
port: http
readinessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /health
port: http
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /config
name: config
volumes:
- name: config
configMap:
name: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
EOF
Ensure, that pods are ready:
kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
prometheus-blackbox-exporter-5b5f44bd9c-2szdj 1/1 Running 0 3m3s
vmagent-example-vmagent-84886cd4d9-x8ml6 2/2 Running 1 9m22s
vmsingle-example-vmsingle-persisted-8584486b68-mqg6b 1/1 Running 0 11m
Now define some VMProbe, lets start with basic static target and probe VMAgent with its service address, for accessing
blackbox exporter, you have to specify its url at VMProbe config. Lets get both services names:
kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 4h21m
prometheus-blackbox-exporter ClusterIP 10.105.251.80 <none> 9115/TCP 4m36s
vmagent-example-vmagent ClusterIP 10.102.31.47 <none> 8429/TCP 12m
vmsingle-example-vmsingle-persisted ClusterIP 10.107.69.7 <none> 8429/TCP 12m
So, we will probe VMAgent with url - vmagent-example-vmagent.default.svc:9115/heath with blackbox url:
prometheus-blackbox-exporter.default.svc:9115 and module: http_2xx it was specified at blackbox configmap.
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMProbe
metadata:
name: probe-agent
spec:
jobName: static-probe
vmProberSpec:
# by default scheme http, and path is /probe
url: prometheus-blackbox-exporter.default.svc:9115
module: http_2xx
targets:
staticConfig:
targets:
- vmagent-example-vmagent.default.svc:8429/health
interval: 2s
EOF
Now new target must be added to VMAgent configuration, and it starts probing itself throw blackbox exporter.
Let's try another target probe type - Ingress. Create ingress rule for VMSingle and create VMProbe for it:
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
labels:
app: victoria-metrics-single
name: victoria-metrics-single
spec:
rules:
- host: vmsingle.example.com
http:
paths:
- backend:
serviceName: vmsingle-example-vmsingle-persisted
servicePort: 8428
path: /
- host: vmsingle2.example.com
http:
paths:
- backend:
serviceName: vmsingle-example-vmsingle-persisted
servicePort: 8428
path: /
---
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMProbe
metadata:
name: probe-single-ingress
spec:
vmProberSpec:
# by default scheme http, and path is /probe
url: prometheus-blackbox-exporter.default.svc:9115
module: http_2xx
targets:
ingress:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: victoria-metrics-single
interval: 10s
EOF
This configuration will add 2 additional targets for probing: vmsingle2.example.com and vmsingle.example.com.
But probes will be unsuccessful, coz there is no such hosts.
VMStaticScrape
It generates config part of VMAgent with static_configs, targets for targetEndpoint is a required parameter.
It has various options for scraping configuration of target (with basic auth,tls access, by specific port name etc).
Add VMAgent and Example app from step above and continue this step.
With simple configuration:
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMStaticScrape
metadata:
name: vmstaticscrape-sample
spec:
jobName: static
targetEndpoints:
- targets: ["192.168.0.1:9100","196.168.0.50:9100"]
labels:
env: dev
project: operator
EOF
2 targets must be added to VMAgent scrape config:
static_configs: added targets: 2, removed targets: 0; total targets: 2
VMAuth
VMAuth allows protecting application with authentication and route traffic by rules.
api docs link
First create VMAuth configuration:
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMAuth
metadata:
name: example
namespace: default
spec:
ingress: {}
selectAllByDefault: true
EOF
It will catch all VMUser at any kubernetes namespace and create Ingress record for it.
kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
vmauth-example-ffcc78fcc-xddk7 2/2 Running 0 84s
kubectl get ingress
NAME CLASS HOSTS ADDRESS PORTS AGE
vmauth-example <none> * 80 106s
kubectl get secret -l app.kubernetes.io/name=vmauth
NAME TYPE DATA AGE
vmauth-config-example Opaque 1 2m32s
Generated configuration can be retrieved with command:
kubectl get secrets/vmauth-config-example -o=go-template='{{index .data "config.yaml.gz"}}' | base64 -d | gunzip
users:
- url_prefix: http://localhost:8428
bearer_token: some-default-token
Operator generates default config, if VMUsers for given VMAuth wasn't found.
VMUser
VMUser configures VMAuth. api doc link
There are two authentication mechanisms: bearerToken and basicAuth with username and password. Only one of them can be used with VMUser at one time.
If you need to provide access with different mechanisms for single endpoint, create multiple VMUsers.
If username is empty, metadata.name from VMUser used as username.
If password is empty, operator generates random password for VMUser. This password added to the Secret for this VMUser at data.password field.
Operator creates Secret for every VMUser with name - vmuser-{VMUser.metadata.name}. It places username + password or bearerToken into data section.
TargetRefs is required field for VMUser, it allows to configure routing with:
staticref:
- static:
url: http://vmalertmanager.service.svc:9093
crdref, allows to target CRD kind of operator, thisCRDObjectmust exist.
- crd:
kind: VMAgent
name: example
namespace: default
Supported kinds are: VMAgent, VMSingle, VMAlert, VMAlertmanager, VMCluster/vminsert, VMCluster/vmselect, VMCluster/vmstorage
paths - configures allowed routing paths for given targetRef.
Let's create example, with access to VMSingle and VMAlert as static target:
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMSingle
metadata:
name: example
namespace: default
spec:
retentionPeriod: "2d"
---
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMAlert
metadata:
name: example
spec:
replicaCount: 1
datasource:
url: "http://vmsingle-example.default.svc:8429"
notifier:
url: "http://vmalertmanager-example.default.svc:9093"
evaluationInterval: "20s"
ruleSelector: {}
EOF
Check its status
kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
vmalert-example-775b8dfbc9-vzlnv 1/2 Running 0 3s
vmauth-example-ffcc78fcc-xddk7 2/2 Running 0 29m
vmsingle-example-6496b5c95d-k6hhp 1/1 Running 0 3s
Then create VMUser
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMUser
metadata:
name: example
spec:
username: simple-user
password: simple-password
targetRefs:
- crd:
kind: VMSingle
name: example
namespace: default
paths: ["/.*"]
- static:
url: http://vmalert-example.default.svc:8080
paths: ["/api/v1/groups","/api/v1/alerts"]
EOF
Configuration changes for VMAuth takes some time, coz of mounted secret, its eventually updated by kubelet. Check vmauth log for changes:
kubectl logs vmauth-example-ffcc78fcc-xddk7 vmauth -f --tail 10
2021-05-31T10:46:40.171Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmauth/auth_config.go:168 Loaded information about 1 users from "/opt/vmauth/config.yaml"
2021-05-31T10:46:40.171Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmauth/main.go:37 started vmauth in 0.000 seconds
2021-05-31T10:46:40.171Z info VictoriaMetrics/lib/httpserver/httpserver.go:82 starting http server at http://:8427/
2021-05-31T10:46:40.171Z info VictoriaMetrics/lib/httpserver/httpserver.go:83 pprof handlers are exposed at http://:8427/debug/pprof/
2021-05-31T10:46:45.077Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmauth/auth_config.go:143 SIGHUP received; loading -auth.config="/opt/vmauth/config.yaml"
2021-05-31T10:46:45.077Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmauth/auth_config.go:168 Loaded information about 1 users from "/opt/vmauth/config.yaml"
2021-05-31T10:46:45.077Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmauth/auth_config.go:150 Successfully reloaded -auth.config="/opt/vmauth/config.yaml"
2021-05-31T11:18:21.313Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmauth/auth_config.go:143 SIGHUP received; loading -auth.config="/opt/vmauth/config.yaml"
2021-05-31T11:18:21.313Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmauth/auth_config.go:168 Loaded information about 1 users from "/opt/vmauth/config.yaml"
2021-05-31T11:18:21.313Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmauth/auth_config.go:150 Successfully reloaded -auth.config="/opt/vmauth/config.yaml"
Now lets try to access protected endpoints, i will use port-forward for that:
kubectl port-forward vmauth-example-ffcc78fcc-xddk7 8427
# at separate terminal execute:
# vmsingle response
curl http://localhost:8427 -u 'simple-user:simple-password'
# vmalert response
curl localhost:8427/api/v1/groups -u 'simple-user:simple-password'
Check create secret for application access:
kubectl get secrets vmuser-example
NAME TYPE DATA AGE
vmuser-example Opaque 2 6m33s
Migration from prometheus-operator objects
By default, the operator converts all existing prometheus-operator API objects into corresponding VictoriaMetrics Operator objects
You can control this behaviour by setting env variable for operator:
#disable convertion for each object
VM_ENABLEDPROMETHEUSCONVERTER_PODMONITOR=false
VM_ENABLEDPROMETHEUSCONVERTER_SERVICESCRAPE=false
VM_ENABLEDPROMETHEUSCONVERTER_PROMETHEUSRULE=false
VM_ENABLEDPROMETHEUSCONVERTER_PROBE=false
Otherwise, VictoriaMetrics Operator would try to discover prometheus-operator API and convert it.
Conversion of api objects can be controlled by annotations, added to VMObjects, there are following annotations:
operator.victoriametrics.com/merge-meta-strategy- it controls syncing of metadata labels and annotations betweenVMObjects andPrometheusapi objects during updates toPrometheusobjects. By default, it hasprefer-prometheus. And annotations and labels will be used fromPrometheusobjects, manually set values will be dropped. You can set it toprefer-victoriametrics. In this case all labels and annotations applied toPrometheusobject will be ignored andVMObjectwill use own values. Two additional strategies annotations -merge-victoriametrics-priorityandmerge-prometheus-prioritymerges labelSets into one combined labelSet, with priority. Example:
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMServiceScrape
metadata:
annotations:
meta.helm.sh/release-name: prometheus
operator.victoriametrics.com/merge-meta-strategy: prefer-victoriametrics
labels:
release: prometheus
name: prometheus-monitor
spec:
endpoints: []
operator.victoriametrics.com/ignore-prometheus-updates- it controls updates from Prometheus api objects. By default, it set todisabled. You define it toenabledstate and all updates from Prometheus api objects will be ignored.
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMServiceScrape
metadata:
annotations:
meta.helm.sh/release-name: prometheus
operator.victoriametrics.com/ignore-prometheus-updates: enabled
labels:
release: prometheus
name: prometheus-monitor
spec:
endpoints: []
By default the operator doesn't make converted objects disappear after original ones are deleted. To change this behaviour
configure adding OwnerReferences to converted objects:
VM_ENABLEDPROMETHEUSCONVERTEROWNERREFERENCES=true
Converted objects will be linked to the original ones and will be deleted by kubernetes after the original ones are deleted.
prometheus Rule duplication
Prometheus allows to specify rules with the same content with-in one group at Rule spec, but its forbidden by vmalert.
You can tell operator to deduplicate this rules by adding annotation to the VMAlert crd definition. In this case operator
skips rule with the same values, see example below.
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMAlert
metadata:
name: example-vmalert-with-dedup
annotations:
operator.victoriametrics.com/vmalert-deduplicate-rules: "true"
spec:
replicaCount: 1
datasource:
url: "http://vmsingle-example-vmsingle-persisted.default.svc:8429"
notifier:
url: "http://vmalertmanager-example-alertmanager.default.svc:9093"
evaluationInterval: "30s"
ruleNamespaceSelector: {}
ruleSelector: {}
Now operator will transform this VMRule:
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMRule
metadata:
name: example-vmrule-reload-config
labels:
project: devops
spec:
groups:
- name: vmalert
rules:
- alert: vmalert config reload error
expr: delta(vmalert_config_last_reload_errors_total[5m]) > 0
for: 10s
labels:
severity: major
- alert: vmalert config reload error
expr: delta(vmalert_config_last_reload_errors_total[5m]) > 0
for: 10s
labels:
severity: major
- alert: vmalert config reload error
expr: delta(vmalert_config_last_reload_errors_total[5m]) > 0
for: 2m
labels:
severity: critical
to the rule config:
groups:
- name: vmalert
rules:
- alert: vmalert config reload error
expr: delta(vmalert_config_last_reload_errors_total[5m]) > 0
for: 10s
labels:
severity: major
- alert: vmalert config reload error
expr: delta(vmalert_config_last_reload_errors_total[5m]) > 0
for: 2m
labels:
severity: critical
Expose the VMSingle API
WARNING: Please protect delete endpoint before exposing it doc
Example for Kubernetes Nginx ingress doc
#generate creds
htpasswd -c auth foo
#create basic auth secret
cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
stringData:
auth: foo:$apr1$wQ0fkxnl$KKOA/OqIZy48CuCB/A1Rc.
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: vm-auth
type: Opaque
EOF
#create ingress rule
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
annotations:
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-realm: Authentication Required
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-secret: vm-auth
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-type: basic
labels:
app: victoria-metrics-single
name: victoria-metrics-single
spec:
rules:
- host: vmsingle.example.com
http:
paths:
- backend:
serviceName: vmsingle-example-vmsingle-persisted
servicePort: 8428
path: /
tls:
- hosts:
- vmsingle.example.com
secretName: ssl-name
EOF
#now you can access victoria metrics
curl -u foo:bar https://vmsingle.example/com/metrics
Object selectors
VMAgent has four selectors specification for filtering VMServiceScrape, VMProbe, VMNodeScrape and VMPodScrape objects.
VMAlert has selectors for VMRule.
VMAuth has selectors for VMUsers.
VMAlertmanager has selectors for VMAlertmanagerConfig.
Selectors are defined with suffixes - NamespaceSelector and Selector. It allows configuring objects access control across namespaces and different environments.
Following rules are applied:
NamespaceSelectorandSelector- undefined, by default select nothing. With option set -spec.selectAllByDefault: true, select all objects of given type.NamespaceSelectordefined,Selectorundefined. All objects are matching at namespaces for givenNamespaceSelector.NamespaceSelectorundefined,Selectordefined. All objects atVMAgent's namespaces are matching for givenSelector.NamespaceSelectordefined,Selectordefined. Only objects at namespaces matchedNamespaceSelectorfor givenSelectorare matching.
Object selector Examples
This configuration will match only namespace with the label - name=default and all VMServiceScrape objects at this namespace will be
selected:
cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMAgent
metadata:
name: example-vmagent
spec:
serviceScrapeSelector: {}
serviceScrapeNamespaceSelector:
matchLabels:
name: default
replicaCount: 1
remoteWrite:
- url: "http://vmsingle-example-vmsingle-persisted.default.svc:8429/api/v1/write"
EOF
This configuration will select VMServiceScrape and VMPodScrape with labels - team=managers,project=cloud at any namespace:
cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMAgent
metadata:
name: example-vmagent
spec:
serviceScrapeNamespaceSelector: {}
serviceScrapeSelector:
matchLabels:
team: managers
project: cloud
podScrapeSelector:
matchLabels:
team: managers
project: clo
replicaCount: 1
remoteWrite:
- url: "http://vmsingle-example-vmsingle-persisted.default.svc:8429/api/v1/write"
EOF
The last one will select any VMServiceScrape,VMProbe and VMPodScrape at VMAgent namespace:
cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMAgent
metadata:
name: example-vmagent
spec:
serviceScrapeSelector: {}
podScrapeSelector: {}
probeSelector: {}
replicaCount: 1
remoteWrite:
- url: "http://vmsingle-example-vmsingle-persisted.default.svc:8429/api/v1/write"
EOF