mirror of
https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics.git
synced 2024-12-15 00:13:30 +01:00
237 lines
7.9 KiB
Markdown
237 lines
7.9 KiB
Markdown
# How to delete or replace metrics in VictoriaMetrics
|
|
|
|
Data deletion is an operation people expect a database to have. [VictoriaMetrics](https://victoriametrics.com) supports
|
|
[delete operation](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Single-server-VictoriaMetrics.html#how-to-delete-time-series) but to a limited extent. Due to implementation details, VictoriaMetrics remains an [append-only database](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Append-only), which perfectly fits the case for storing time series data. But the drawback of such architecture is that it is extremely expensive to mutate the data. Hence, `delete` or `update` operations support is very limited. In this guide, we'll walk through the possible workarounds for deleting or changing already written data in VictoriaMetrics.
|
|
|
|
### Precondition
|
|
|
|
- [Single-node VictoriaMetrics](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Single-server-VictoriaMetrics.html);
|
|
- [Cluster version of VictoriaMetrics](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html);
|
|
- [curl](https://curl.se/docs/manual.html)
|
|
- [jq tool](https://stedolan.github.io/jq/)
|
|
|
|
## How to delete metrics
|
|
|
|
_Warning: time series deletion is not recommended to use on a regular basis. Each call to delete API could have a performance penalty. The API was provided for one-off operations to deleting malformed data or to satisfy GDPR compliance._
|
|
|
|
[Delete API](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Single-server-VictoriaMetrics.html#how-to-delete-time-series) expects from user to specify [time series selector](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/basics/#time-series-selectors). So the first thing to do before the deletion is to verify whether the selector matches the correct series.
|
|
|
|
To check that metrics are present in **VictoriaMetrics Cluster** run the following command:
|
|
|
|
_Warning: response can return many metrics, so be careful with series selector._
|
|
|
|
<div class="with-copy" markdown="1">
|
|
|
|
```console
|
|
curl -s 'http://vmselect:8481/select/0/prometheus/api/v1/series?match[]=process_cpu_cores_available' | jq
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
The expected output:
|
|
|
|
```json
|
|
{
|
|
"status": "success",
|
|
"isPartial": false,
|
|
"data": [
|
|
{
|
|
"__name__": "process_cpu_cores_available",
|
|
"job": "vmagent",
|
|
"instance": "vmagent:8429"
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"__name__": "process_cpu_cores_available",
|
|
"job": "vmalert",
|
|
"instance": "vmalert:8880"
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"__name__": "process_cpu_cores_available",
|
|
"job": "vminsert",
|
|
"instance": "vminsert:8480"
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"__name__": "process_cpu_cores_available",
|
|
"job": "vmselect",
|
|
"instance": "vmselect:8481"
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"__name__": "process_cpu_cores_available",
|
|
"job": "vmstorage",
|
|
"instance": "vmstorage-1:8482"
|
|
},
|
|
{
|
|
"__name__": "process_cpu_cores_available",
|
|
"job": "vmstorage",
|
|
"instance": "vmstorage-2:8482"
|
|
}
|
|
]
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
When you're sure [time series selector](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/basics/#time-series-selectors) is correct, send a POST request to [delete API](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/url-examples.html#apiv1admintsdbdelete_series) with [`match[]=<time-series-selector>`](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/basics/#time-series-selectors) argument. For example:
|
|
|
|
<div class="with-copy" markdown="1">
|
|
|
|
```console
|
|
curl -s 'http://vmselect:8481/delete/0/prometheus/api/v1/admin/tsdb/delete_series?match[]=process_cpu_cores_available'
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
If operation was successful, the deleted series will stop being [queryable](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#query-data). Storage space for the deleted time series isn't freed instantly - it is freed during subsequent [background merges of data files](https://medium.com/@valyala/how-victoriametrics-makes-instant-snapshots-for-multi-terabyte-time-series-data-e1f3fb0e0282). The background merges may never occur for data from previous months, so storage space won't be freed for historical data. In this case [forced merge](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Single-server-VictoriaMetrics.html#forced-merge) may help freeing up storage space.
|
|
|
|
To trigger [forced merge](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Single-server-VictoriaMetrics.html#forced-merge) on VictoriaMetrics Cluster run the following command:
|
|
|
|
<div class="with-copy" markdown="1">
|
|
|
|
```console
|
|
curl -v -X POST http://vmstorage:8482/internal/force_merge
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
After the merge is complete, the data will be permanently deleted from the disk.
|
|
|
|
## How to update metrics
|
|
|
|
By default, VictoriaMetrics doesn't provide a mechanism for replacing or updating data. As a workaround, take the following actions:
|
|
|
|
- [export time series to a file](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/url-examples.html#apiv1export);
|
|
- change the values of time serie in the file and save it;
|
|
- [delete time series from a database](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/url-examples.html#apiv1admintsdbdelete_series);
|
|
- [import saved file to VictoriaMetrics](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/url-examples.html#apiv1import).
|
|
|
|
### Export metrics
|
|
|
|
For example, let's export metric for `node_memory_MemTotal_bytes` with labels `instance="node-exporter:9100"` and `job="hostname.com"`:
|
|
|
|
<div class="with-copy" markdown="1">
|
|
|
|
```console
|
|
curl -X POST -g http://vmselect:8481/select/0/prometheus/api/v1/export -d 'match[]=node_memory_MemTotal_bytes{instance="node-exporter:9100", job="hostname.com"}' > data.jsonl
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
To check that exported file contains time series we can use [cat](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/cat.1.html) and [jq](https://stedolan.github.io/jq/download/)
|
|
|
|
<div class="with-copy" markdown="1">
|
|
|
|
```console
|
|
cat data.jsonl | jq
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
The expected output will look like:
|
|
|
|
```json
|
|
{
|
|
"metric": {
|
|
"__name__": "node_memory_MemTotal_bytes",
|
|
"job": "hostname.com",
|
|
"instance": "node-exporter:9100"
|
|
},
|
|
"values": [
|
|
33604390912,
|
|
33604390912,
|
|
33604390912,
|
|
33604390912
|
|
],
|
|
"timestamps": [
|
|
1656669031378,
|
|
1656669032378,
|
|
1656669033378,
|
|
1656669034378
|
|
]
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
In this example, we will replace the values of `node_memory_MemTotal_bytes` from `33604390912` to `17179869184` (from 32Gb to 16Gb) via [sed](https://linux.die.net/man/1/sed), but it can be done in any of the available ways.
|
|
|
|
```console
|
|
sed -i 's/33604390912/17179869184/g' data.jsonl
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Let's check the changes in data.jsonl with `cat`:
|
|
|
|
```console
|
|
cat data.jsonl | jq
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
The expected output will be the next:
|
|
|
|
```json
|
|
{
|
|
"metric": {
|
|
"__name__": "node_memory_MemTotal_bytes",
|
|
"job": "hostname.com",
|
|
"instance": "node-exporter:9100"
|
|
},
|
|
"values": [
|
|
17179869184,
|
|
17179869184,
|
|
17179869184,
|
|
17179869184
|
|
],
|
|
"timestamps": [
|
|
1656669031378,
|
|
1656669032378,
|
|
1656669033378,
|
|
1656669034378
|
|
]
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Delete metrics
|
|
|
|
See [How-to-delete-metrics](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/guides/guide-delete-or-replace-metrics.html#how-to-delete-metrics) from the previous paragraph
|
|
|
|
### Import metrics
|
|
|
|
Victoriametrics supports a lot of [ingestion protocols](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Single-server-VictoriaMetrics.html#how-to-import-time-series-data) and we will use [import from JSON line format](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Single-server-VictoriaMetrics.html#how-to-import-data-in-json-line-format).
|
|
|
|
The next command will import metrics from `data.jsonl` to VictoriaMetrics:
|
|
|
|
<div class="with-copy" markdown="1">
|
|
|
|
```console
|
|
curl -v -X POST http://vminsert:8480/insert/0/prometheus/api/v1/import -T data.jsonl
|
|
```
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
### Check imported metrics
|
|
|
|
<div class="with-copy" markdown="1">
|
|
|
|
```console
|
|
curl -X POST -g http://vmselect:8481/select/0/prometheus/api/v1/export -d match[]=node_memory_MemTotal_bytes
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
The expected output will look like:
|
|
|
|
```json
|
|
{
|
|
"metric": {
|
|
"__name__": "node_memory_MemTotal_bytes",
|
|
"job": "hostname.com",
|
|
"instance": "node-exporter:9100"
|
|
},
|
|
"values": [
|
|
17179869184,
|
|
17179869184,
|
|
17179869184,
|
|
17179869184
|
|
],
|
|
"timestamps": [
|
|
1656669031378,
|
|
1656669032378,
|
|
1656669033378,
|
|
1656669034378
|
|
]
|
|
}
|
|
```
|