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271 lines
17 KiB
Markdown
---
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sort: 3
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title: Data ingestion
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weight: 3
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menu:
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docs:
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identifier: victorialogs-data-ingestion
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parent: "victorialogs"
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weight: 3
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---
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# Data ingestion
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[VictoriaLogs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/) can accept logs from the following log collectors:
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- Filebeat. See [how to setup Filebeat for sending logs to VictoriaLogs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/data-ingestion/Filebeat.html).
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- Fluentbit. See [how to setup Fluentbit for sending logs to VictoriaLogs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/data-ingestion/Fluentbit.html).
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- Logstash. See [how to setup Logstash for sending logs to VictoriaLogs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/data-ingestion/Logstash.html).
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- Vector. See [how to setup Vector for sending logs to VictoriaLogs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/data-ingestion/Vector.html).
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- Promtail (aka Grafana Loki). See [how to setup Promtail for sending logs to VictoriaLogs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/data-ingestion/Promtail.html).
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The ingested logs can be queried according to [these docs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/querying/).
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See also:
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- [Log collectors and data ingestion formats](#log-collectors-and-data-ingestion-formats).
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- [Data ingestion troubleshooting](#troubleshooting).
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## HTTP APIs
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VictoriaLogs supports the following data ingestion HTTP APIs:
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- Elasticsearch bulk API. See [these docs](#elasticsearch-bulk-api).
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- JSON stream API aka [ndjson](http://ndjson.org/). See [these docs](#json-stream-api).
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- Loki JSON API. See [these docs](#loki-json-api).
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VictoriaLogs accepts optional [HTTP parameters](#http-parameters) at data ingestion HTTP APIs.
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### Elasticsearch bulk API
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VictoriaLogs accepts logs in [Elasticsearch bulk API](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/docs-bulk.html)
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/ [OpenSearch Bulk API](http://opensearch.org/docs/1.2/opensearch/rest-api/document-apis/bulk/) format
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at `http://localhost:9428/insert/elasticsearch/_bulk` endpoint.
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The following command pushes a single log line to VictoriaLogs:
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```bash
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echo '{"create":{}}
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{"_msg":"cannot open file","_time":"0","host.name":"host123"}
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' | curl -X POST -H 'Content-Type: application/json' --data-binary @- http://localhost:9428/insert/elasticsearch/_bulk
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```
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It is possible to push thousands of log lines in a single request to this API.
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If the [timestamp field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/keyConcepts.html#time-field) is set to `"0"`,
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then the current timestamp at VictoriaLogs side is used per each ingested log line.
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Otherwise the timestamp field must be in the [ISO8601](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601) format. For example, `2023-06-20T15:32:10Z`.
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Optional fractional part of seconds can be specified after the dot - `2023-06-20T15:32:10.123Z`.
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Timezone can be specified instead of `Z` suffix - `2023-06-20T15:32:10+02:00`.
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See [these docs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/keyConcepts.html#data-model) for details on fields,
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which must be present in the ingested log messages.
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The API accepts various http parameters, which can change the data ingestion behavior - [these docs](#http-parameters) for details.
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The following command verifies that the data has been successfully ingested to VictoriaLogs by [querying](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/querying/) it:
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```bash
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curl http://localhost:9428/select/logsql/query -d 'query=host.name:host123'
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```
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The command should return the following response:
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```bash
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{"_msg":"cannot open file","_stream":"{}","_time":"2023-06-21T04:24:24Z","host.name":"host123"}
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```
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The response by default contains [`_msg`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/keyConcepts.html#message-field),
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[`_stream`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/keyConcepts.html#stream-fields) and
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[`_time`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/keyConcepts.html#time-field) fields plus the explicitly mentioned fields.
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See [these docs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/LogsQL.html#querying-specific-fields) for details.
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The duration of requests to `/insert/elasticsearch/_bulk` can be monitored with `vl_http_request_duration_seconds{path="/insert/elasticsearch/_bulk"}` metric.
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See also:
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- [How to debug data ingestion](#troubleshooting).
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- [HTTP parameters, which can be passed to the API](#http-parameters).
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- [How to query VictoriaLogs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/querying.html).
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### JSON stream API
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VictoriaLogs accepts JSON line stream aka [ndjson](http://ndjson.org/) at `http://localhost:9428/insert/jsonline` endpoint.
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The following command pushes multiple log lines to VictoriaLogs:
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```bash
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echo '{ "log": { "level": "info", "message": "hello world" }, "date": "0", "stream": "stream1" }
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{ "log": { "level": "error", "message": "oh no!" }, "date": "0", "stream": "stream1" }
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{ "log": { "level": "info", "message": "hello world" }, "date": "0", "stream": "stream2" }
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' | curl -X POST -H 'Content-Type: application/stream+json' --data-binary @- \
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'http://localhost:9428/insert/jsonline?_stream_fields=stream&_time_field=date&_msg_field=log.message'
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```
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It is possible to push unlimited number of log lines in a single request to this API.
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If the [timestamp field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/keyConcepts.html#time-field) is set to `"0"`,
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then the current timestamp at VictoriaLogs side is used per each ingested log line.
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Otherwise the timestamp field must be in the [ISO8601](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601) format. For example, `2023-06-20T15:32:10Z`.
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Optional fractional part of seconds can be specified after the dot - `2023-06-20T15:32:10.123Z`.
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Timezone can be specified instead of `Z` suffix - `2023-06-20T15:32:10+02:00`.
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See [these docs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/keyConcepts.html#data-model) for details on fields,
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which must be present in the ingested log messages.
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The API accepts various http parameters, which can change the data ingestion behavior - [these docs](#http-parameters) for details.
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The following command verifies that the data has been successfully ingested into VictoriaLogs by [querying](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/querying/) it:
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```bash
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curl http://localhost:9428/select/logsql/query -d 'query=log.level:*'
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```
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The command should return the following response:
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```bash
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{"_msg":"hello world","_stream":"{stream=\"stream2\"}","_time":"2023-06-20T13:35:11.56789Z","log.level":"info"}
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{"_msg":"hello world","_stream":"{stream=\"stream1\"}","_time":"2023-06-20T15:31:23Z","log.level":"info"}
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{"_msg":"oh no!","_stream":"{stream=\"stream1\"}","_time":"2023-06-20T15:32:10.567Z","log.level":"error"}
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```
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The response by default contains [`_msg`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/keyConcepts.html#message-field),
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[`_stream`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/keyConcepts.html#stream-fields) and
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[`_time`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/keyConcepts.html#time-field) fields plus the explicitly mentioned fields.
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See [these docs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/LogsQL.html#querying-specific-fields) for details.
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The duration of requests to `/insert/jsonline` can be monitored with `vl_http_request_duration_seconds{path="/insert/jsonline"}` metric.
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See also:
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- [How to debug data ingestion](#troubleshooting).
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- [HTTP parameters, which can be passed to the API](#http-parameters).
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- [How to query VictoriaLogs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/querying.html).
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### Loki JSON API
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VictoriaLogs accepts logs in [Loki JSON API](https://grafana.com/docs/loki/latest/api/#push-log-entries-to-loki) format at `http://localhost:9428/insert/loki/api/v1/push` endpoint.
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The following command pushes a single log line to Loki JSON API at VictoriaLogs:
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```bash
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curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -XPOST "http://localhost:9428/insert/loki/api/v1/push?_stream_fields=instance,job" --data-raw \
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'{"streams": [{ "stream": { "instance": "host123", "job": "app42" }, "values": [ [ "0", "foo fizzbuzz bar" ] ] }]}'
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```
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It is possible to push thousands of log streams and log lines in a single request to this API.
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The API accepts various http parameters, which can change the data ingestion behavior - [these docs](#http-parameters) for details.
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There is no need in specifying `_msg_field` and `_time_field` query args, since VictoriaLogs automatically extracts log message and timestamp from the ingested Loki data.
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The following command verifies that the data has been successfully ingested into VictoriaLogs by [querying](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/querying/) it:
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```bash
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curl http://localhost:9428/select/logsql/query -d 'query=fizzbuzz'
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```
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The command should return the following response:
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```bash
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{"_msg":"foo fizzbuzz bar","_stream":"{instance=\"host123\",job=\"app42\"}","_time":"2023-07-20T23:01:19.288676497Z"}
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```
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The response by default contains [`_msg`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/keyConcepts.html#message-field),
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[`_stream`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/keyConcepts.html#stream-fields) and
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[`_time`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/keyConcepts.html#time-field) fields plus the explicitly mentioned fields.
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See [these docs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/LogsQL.html#querying-specific-fields) for details.
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The duration of requests to `/insert/loki/api/v1/push` can be monitored with `vl_http_request_duration_seconds{path="/insert/loki/api/v1/push"}` metric.
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See also:
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- [How to debug data ingestion](#troubleshooting).
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- [HTTP parameters, which can be passed to the API](#http-parameters).
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- [How to query VictoriaLogs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/querying.html).
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### HTTP parameters
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VictoriaLogs accepts the following parameters at [data ingestion HTTP APIs](#http-apis):
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- `_msg_field` - it must contain the name of the [log field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/keyConcepts.html#data-model)
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with the [log message](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/keyConcepts.html#message-field) generated by the log shipper.
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This is usually the `message` field for Filebeat and Logstash.
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If the `_msg_field` parameter isn't set, then VictoriaLogs reads the log message from the `_msg` field.
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- `_time_field` - it must contain the name of the [log field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/keyConcepts.html#data-model)
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with the [log timestamp](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/keyConcepts.html#time-field) generated by the log shipper.
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This is usually the `@timestamp` field for Filebeat and Logstash.
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If the `_time_field` parameter isn't set, then VictoriaLogs reads the timestamp from the `_time` field.
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If this field doesn't exist, then the current timestamp is used.
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- `_stream_fields` - it should contain comma-separated list of [log field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/keyConcepts.html#data-model) names,
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which uniquely identify every [log stream](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/keyConcepts.html#stream-fields) collected the log shipper.
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If the `_stream_fields` parameter isn't set, then all the ingested logs are written to default log stream - `{}`.
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- `ignore_fields` - this parameter may contain the list of [log field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/keyConcepts.html#data-model) names,
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which must be ignored during data ingestion.
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- `debug` - if this parameter is set to `1`, then the ingested logs aren't stored in VictoriaLogs. Instead,
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the ingested data is logged by VictoriaLogs, so it can be investigated later.
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See also [HTTP headers](#http-headers).
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### HTTP headers
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VictoriaLogs accepts optional `AccountID` and `ProjectID` headers at [data ingestion HTTP APIs](#http-apis).
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These headers may contain the needed tenant to ingest data to. See [multitenancy docs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/#multitenancy) for details.
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## Troubleshooting
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The following command can be used for verifying whether the data is successfully ingested into VictoriaLogs:
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```logsql
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curl http://localhost:9428/select/logsql/query -d 'query=*' | head
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```
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This command selects all the data ingested into VictoriaLogs via [HTTP query API](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/querying/#http-api)
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using [any value filter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/LogsQL.html#any-value-filter),
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while `head` cancels query execution after reading the first 10 log lines. See [these docs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/querying/#command-line)
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for more details on how `head` integrates with VictoriaLogs.
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The response by default contains [`_msg`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/keyConcepts.html#message-field),
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[`_stream`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/keyConcepts.html#stream-fields) and
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[`_time`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/keyConcepts.html#time-field) fields plus the explicitly mentioned fields.
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See [these docs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/LogsQL.html#querying-specific-fields) for details.
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VictoriaLogs provides the following command-line flags, which can help debugging data ingestion issues:
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- `-logNewStreams` - if this flag is passed to VictoriaLogs, then it logs all the newly
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registered [log streams](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/keyConcepts.html#stream-fields).
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This may help debugging [high cardinality issues](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/keyConcepts.html#high-cardinality).
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- `-logIngestedRows` - if this flag is passed to VictoriaLogs, then it logs all the ingested
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[log entries](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/keyConcepts.html#data-model).
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See also `debug` [parameter](#http-parameters).
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VictoriaLogs exposes various [metrics](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/#monitoring), which may help debugging data ingestion issues:
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- `vl_rows_ingested_total` - the number of ingested [log entries](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/keyConcepts.html#data-model)
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since the last VictoriaLogs restart. If this number icreases over time, then logs are successfully ingested into VictoriaLogs.
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The ingested logs can be inspected in the following ways:
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- By passing `debug=1` parameter to every request to [data ingestion APIs](#http-apis). The ingested rows aren't stored in VictoriaLogs
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in this case. Instead, they are logged, so they can be investigated later.
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The `vl_rows_dropped_total` [metric](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/#monitoring) is incremented for each logged row.
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- By passing `-logIngestedRows` command-line flag to VictoriaLogs. In this case it logs all the ingested data, so it can be investigated later.
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- `vl_streams_created_total` - the number of created [log streams](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/keyConcepts.html#stream-fields)
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since the last VictoriaLogs restart. If this metric grows rapidly during extended periods of time, then this may lead
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to [high cardinality issues](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/keyConcepts.html#high-cardinality).
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The newly created log streams can be inspected in logs by passing `-logNewStreams` command-line flag to VictoriaLogs.
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## Log collectors and data ingestion formats
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Here is the list of log collectors and their ingestion formats supported by VictoriaLogs:
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| How to setup the collector | Format: Elasticsearch | Format: JSON Stream | Format: Loki |
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|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
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| [Filebeat](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/data-ingestion/Filebeat.html) | [Yes](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/beats/filebeat/current/elasticsearch-output.html) | No | No |
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| [Fluentbit](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/data-ingestion/Fluentbit.html) | No | [Yes](https://docs.fluentbit.io/manual/pipeline/outputs/http) | [Yes](https://docs.fluentbit.io/manual/pipeline/outputs/loki) |
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| [Logstash](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/data-ingestion/Logstash.html) | [Yes](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/logstash/current/plugins-outputs-elasticsearch.html) | No | No |
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| [Vector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/data-ingestion/Vector.html) | [Yes](https://vector.dev/docs/reference/configuration/sinks/elasticsearch/) | No | [Yes](https://vector.dev/docs/reference/configuration/sinks/loki/) |
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| [Promtail](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/data-ingestion/Promtail.html) | No | No | [Yes](https://grafana.com/docs/loki/latest/clients/promtail/configuration/#clients) |
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